Pattern of Macular Disorders in Himachal Pradesh, India

Title: Pattern of Macular Disorders in Himachal Pradesh, India

Authors: Dr Anubhav Chauhan, Prof (Dr) Kulbhushan Prakash Chaudhary, Dr Gian Chand Rajput

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i5.39

Abstract

References

Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background: To study the pattern/distribution of Macular Disorders in the hilly terrain of Himachal Pradesh (altitude ranging from 500-4500 metres above sea level).

Methods: It is a retro/prospective study of patients with retinal diseases attending the general ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary care facility from August 2008 to April 2013.Out of 5600 subjects,4323 were taken as a sample. The data was taken from the hospital records and thereafter analyzed to determine their age, sex distribution and diagnosis. All patients underwent visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination and fundus evaluation. The diagnosis was confirmed from fundus clinic records and evaluation of fundus photographic records retro-prospectively. The photographs were taken on the fundus camera (KOWA’S FUNDUS CAMERA VX-10) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) done where ever indicated.

Results: Amongst the 905(20.95%)subjects of Macular Disorders, Age related macular degeneration (ARMD-7.20%) was the most common while Angioid Streaks( AS-0.02%) was the least common disease.

Conclusion: Age Related Macular Degeneration was the commonest among macular disorders .Retinal disorders appear to be a major public health problem in India. The present study shall help us in planning the management of such disorders in the hilly state of Himachal Pradesh to reduce the visual morbidity arising out of such disorders.

Keywords: himachal pradesh, retroprospective, hilly, macula, disorders.

References

1. Thapa SS,Thapa R,Paudyal I,Khanal S,Aujla J, Paudyal G,et al.Prevalence and pattern of vitreo-retinal diseases in Nepal:the Bhaktapur glaucoma study.BMC Ophthalmology 2013;13(9):1471-2415.

2. Khan A,Riaz Q,Soomro F,Qidwai U,Qazi U.Frequency and Patterns of Eye Diseases in Retina Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi.Pak J Ophthalmol 2011;27(3):155-159.

3. Eze BI, Uche JN, Shiweobi JO. The burden and spectrum of vitreo-retinal diseases among ophthalmic outpatients in a resource-deficient tertiary eye care setting in South-Eastern Nigeria. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2010;17:246-9.

4. Karki DB, Malla OK, Byanju RN, Shrestha S.Analysis of 400 cases of posterior segment diseases visiting retina clinic of Nepal eye hospital. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2003; 1:161-165.

5. Nirmalan PK, Katz J, Robin AL, Tielsch JM, Namperumalsamy P, Kim R,et al.Prevalence of vitreoretinal disorders in a rural population of southern India:the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Study.Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122(4):581-6.

6. Kulkarni SR, Aghashe SR, Khandekar RB, Deshpande MD.Prevalence and determinants of age-related macular degeneration in the 50 years and older population: A hospital based study in Maharashtra, India.Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 61(5): 196–201.

7. Roh MI,Kim JH,Byeon SH,Koh HJ,Lee SC,Kwon OW.Estimated Prevalence and Risk Factor for Age-related Maculopathy. Yonsei Med J 2008;49(6):931-941.

8. Coleman HR, Chan CC,Ferris FL,Chew EY.Age-related macular degeneration. Lancet 2008; 372(9652): 1835-1845.

9. Mathenge W, Bastawrous A,Peto T,Leung I,Foster A,Kuper H.Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Nakuru, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.PLoS Med 2013; 10(2): e1001393.

10. Friedman DS, O'Colmain BJ, Muñoz B, Tomany SC, McCarty C, de Jong PT,et al . Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004 ;122(4): 564-72.

11. Krishnaiah S,Das T,Nirmalan PK,Nutheti R,Shamanna BR,Rao GN,et al. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: findings from the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study in South India. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 ;46(12): 4442-9.

12. Li Y,Xu L,Jonas JB,Yang H,Ma Y,Li J.Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the adult population in China: the Beijing eye study. Am J Ophthalmol 2006 ;142(5):788-93.

13. Nangia V, Jonas JB, Kulkarni M, Matin A.Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in rural central India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study.Retina 2011 ;31(6):1179-85.

14. Oguido AP,Casella AM,Matsuo T,Ramos Filho EH,Berbel R,Silva RM.Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in Londrina (PR) – Brazil. Arg Bras Oftalmol 2008 ;71(3):375-80.

15. Goold LA , Edussuriya K , Sennanayake S , Senaratne T , Selva D , Sullivan TR,et al. Prevalence and determinants of age-related macular degeneration in central Sri Lanka: the Kandy Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94: 150-153.

16. Teshome T,Melaku S,Bayu S. Pattern of retinal diseases at a teaching eye department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2004 ;42(3):185-93.

17. Onakpoya OH, Olateju SO, Ajayi IA.Retinal diseases in a tertiary hospital: the need for establishment of a vitreo-retinal care unit. Journal of the National Medical Association 2008;100(11):1286-9.

18. Thapa R, Paudyal G, Shrestha MK, Gurung R, Ruit S.Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Nepal .Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(3):165-9.

19. OluleyeTS ,Ajaiyeoba AI.Retinal diseases in Ibadan.Eye 2006;20:1461-1463.

20. McCarty DJ,Mukesh BN,Chikani V,Wang JJ,Mitchell P,Taylor HR,et al.Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in the visual impairment project.Am J Ophthalmol 2005 ;140(2):288-94.

21. You Q,Xu L,Jonas JB.Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study.Eye(Lond) 2008 ;22(7):874-9.

22. Fraser-Bell S,Ying-Lai M,Klein R,Varma R.Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004 ; 45(6):1732-6.

23. Kawasaki R,Wang JJ , Sato H , Mitchell P, Kato T, Kawata S ,et al .Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata study. Eye 2009; 23:1045–1051.

24. Duan XR,Liang YB,Friedman DS,Sun LP,Wei WB,Wang JJ,et al.Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in a rural Chinese adult population: the Handan Eye Study.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009 ; 50(5):2018-23.

25. Zhu XF,Peng JJ,Zou HD,Fu J,Wang WW,Xu X,et al.Prevalence and Risk Factors of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes in Beixinjing Blocks, Shanghai, China. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e51445.

26. Koh V,Cheung CY,Wong WL,Cheung CM,Wang JJ,Mitchell P,et al.Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in Asian Indians.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012 ;53(2):1018-22.

27. Wang S,Xu L,Jonas JB.Prevalence of full-thickness macular holes in urban and rural adult Chinese: the Beijing Eye Study.Am J Ophthalmol 2006 ;141(3):589-91.

28. Sen P, Bhargava A, Vijaya L, George R.Prevalence of idiopathic macular hole in adult rural and urban south Indian population.Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2008 ;36(3):257-60.

29. McCannel CA,Ensminger JL,Diehl NN, Hodge DN.Population Based Incidence of Macular Holes. Ophthalmology 2009;116(7): 1366-1369.

30. Kitzmann AS,Pulido JS,Diehl NN,Hodge DO,Burke JP.The incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980-2002. Ophthalmology 2008 ;115(1):169-73.

Abstract

References

Corresponding Author

Call For Paper Volume 12 Issue 12 December 2024

JMSCR Menu

Impact Factor SJIF 2024: 7.892

Crossref - DOI

Editorial Policy

Frequency of Publication

Submission of Articles

Search