Abstract
Background: Diabetes and hypertension are something that coexist in patients. The prevalence of hypertension is 1.5-2 times more in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes, whereas almost 1/3 of the patients with hypertension develop diabetes later. In this study, pre-diabetes and diabetes in hypertensive patients and on coexisting risk factors were studied.
Methods: After diagnosed hypertension cases on treatment who gave written informed consent were studied for duration of disease, drug therapy, family history, manifestations of co-morbidities and investigated for fasting and post-prandial blood sugar, oral glucose tolerance, lipid profile, serum creatinine, uric acid and SGPT.
Results: Out of 100 recruited hypertensive patients 52 were females and 48 were males. 43% were diagnosed pre- diabetics whereas 16% were diabetics.
Conclusions: Prediabetes and diabetes are highly prevalent among individuals with known cases of hypertension and pre-hypertension.
Keywords: Pre-diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Impaired fasting glucose, Diabetes, Hypertension, Pre-Hypertensive.
References
- Colagiuri S, Borch-Johnsen K, Glumer C. There really is an epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005; 48(8): 1459- 1463.
- World Health Organisation. Geneva: Factfile; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/diabetes/en
- Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1047-53.
- Gale J. India's Diabetes Epidemic Cuts Down Millions Who Escape Poverty. Bloomberg;2010 (Retrieved 8 June 2012). Available from: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-07/India's deadly Diabetes scourge cuts down millions rising to middle class.html
- World Health Organization. The WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance of noncommunicable diseases (STEPS) [Internet]. 2003 [cited 12 Sep 2017]. Available: http://www.who.int/ncd_surveillance/en/steps_framework_dec03.pdf
- Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly. Follow-up to the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases WHA 66.10. 2013 [Internet]. 2013 [cited 23 Nov 2016]. Available: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA66/A66_R10-en.pdf
- Diabetes Prevention Programme Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2000;346(6):393-463.
- Chiasson JL, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Josse RG, Karasik A, Laakso M. The STOP NIDDM Trail: an international study on the efficacy of alphaglucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale, design and preliminary screening data. Study to Prevent Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(10):1720-5.
- Hiltunen L, Laara E, Keinane-Kuikaaniemi S. Changes in glucose tolerance during a three year’s follow-up in an elderly population. Public Health. 1999;13(2):181-4.
- Chen K, High L. Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Benghu Islets, Taiwan: evidence of a rapidly emerging epidemic. Diab Res ClinPract. 2009;44(1):59-69.
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care indiabetes - 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(Suppl 1):S12-54.
- Rolka DR, Burrows NR, Li Y, Geiss LS. Selfreported prediabetes and risk-reduction activitiesUS-2006. JAMA. 2009;301(6):591-3.
- Anjana R, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: Phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54(12):3022-7.
- Shrestha UK, Singh DL, Bhattarai MD. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes defined buy fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose criteria in urban Nepal. Diabetes Medicine. 2006;23(10):1130-5.
- Shaw J, Sicree R, Zimmet P. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2010;87:4-14.
Corresponding Author
Dr Mrinal Kanti Guha
Apollo Clinic, 26, Diamond Harbour Road, Kolkata, India