Abstract
Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders which decreases the quality of life and causes burden for individual, families and society. It is estimated that by the year 2020 it would be the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), second only to ischemic heart disease.
Material and Methods: This was a prospective study design. The study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Medical College and Hospital, Bemina, Jammu and Kashmir. The study was approved by the SKIMS Ethical Committee. The study sample comprised of 200 patients diagnosed with first episode depression (Major depressive disorder) attending psychiatric outpatient department and diagnosed by using DSM 5 criterion. The severity of the depression was assessed by HAM-D scale. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period were screened.
Results: In our study majority of our patients81 (42.4%) were aged between 18-29 years, The mean age was 35.3±13.56.Males constituted 106 (55.5%), 101 (52.9%) patients who belonged to rural areas and 90 (47.1%) were from urban areas, 98 (51.3%) were uneducated. There were 104 (54.5%) married men and 119 (62.3%) patients in our study belonged to middle socioeconomic class.
Conclusion: Clinical profile revealed that most of the patients had mild to moderate form of depression, a few also reported severe form of depression. Careful diagnosis of depression can help in early starting of treatment so that it can greatly decrease morbidity in patients
Keywords: Depression, Socio-demographic profile, clinical profile, Kashmir.
References
- World Health Organization Prevention and promotion in mental health Geneva.
- D'Alisa S, Miscio G, Baudo S, Simone A, Tesio L, Mauro A. Depression is the main determinant of quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a classification-regression (CART) study. Disabil Rehabil. 2006; 28: 307–314. .
- Fruhwald S, Loffler H, Eher R, Saletu B, Baumhackl U. Relationship between depression, anxiety and quality of life: a study of stroke patients compared to chronic low back pain and myocardial ischemia patients. 2001; 34:50–56.
- Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors.Washington: The World Bank; 2006.
- Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, et al. Cross national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Med 2011; 9: 90.
- Murphy JM, Laird NM, Monson RR, Sobel AM, Leighton AH. A 40-year perspective on the prevalence of depression: the Stirling County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 209-15.
- Poongothai S, Pradeepa R, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Prevalence of depression in a large urban South Indian population - The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-70). PloS One 2009; 4: E7185.
- Nandi DN, Banerjee G, Mukherjee SP, Ghosh A, Nandi PS, Nandi S. Psychiatric morbidity of a rural Indian community changes over a 20 year interval. British J Psychiatry 2000; 176: 351–6.
- Syed Amin, A.W. Khan. Life in conflict: Characteristics of Depression in Kashmir. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2009 Jul; 3(2): 213–223.
- Mushtaq R, Shoib S, Shah T, Mushtaq S. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphism in anxiety and depressive disorder in kashmiri population. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8: WC01-WC03.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington: The Association; 1994.
- Hamilton M (1980) Rating depressive patients. J Clin Psychiatry 41:21–24.
- Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(6):617–27. Erratum in Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62(7):709.
- McKenna MT, Michaud CM, Murray CJ, Marks JS. Assessing the burden of disease in the United States using disability-adjusted life years. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5):415–23.
- Rajiv Radhakrishnan, Sam Calvin, Jyotin Kshitiz Singh, Binston Thomas & Krishnamachari Srinivasan .Thyroid dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders in a hospital based sample; Indian J Med Res 138, December 2013, pp 888-89.
- Gitlin M, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, Suri R, Huynh EL, Fairbanks 2. L, et al. Peripheral thyroid hormones and response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2004; 29: 383-6.
- Sheikh Shoib, Raheel Mushtaq, Mohammad Maqbool Dar, Tasleem Arif, Tabindah Shah, Tajamul Hussain, Mohammad Saleem Sharoo; Psychiatric Manifestations in thyroid disorders. International Journal of Clinical Cases and Investigations 1st October 2013. Volume 5 (Issue 3),84:98.
- Mohammad Maqbool Dar, Sheikh Shoib, Haamid Bashir, Mohammad Hayat Bhat, Waseem Hassan Ahangar. Link between Psychiatric and Autoimmune Thyroid Disorder. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research February 2013 Vol.3; Issue: 2.
- Probst JC, Laditka SB, Moore CG, Harun N, Powell MP, Baxley EG. Rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: implications for family medicine. Fam Med. Oct 2006; 38(9):653-60.
- Sarmila Mallik, Abhik Sinha, Prasanta Kumar Das, Sanchari Roy, Kanti Bhushan Choudhury, Asish Mukhopadhyay. Anxiety and Depression: Their Epidemiological Factors----A Study on The Patients Attending Psychiatric OPD of a Teaching Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. Aug. 2014 Volume 13, Issue 8 Ver. I, P 26-29.
- Zhenhe Zhou, Suxia Cao, Hengfen Li, Youhui Li; Treatment with escitalopram improves the attentional bias toward negative facial expressions in patients with major depressive disorders. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience October 2015. Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages 1609–1613.
Corresponding Author
Sajid Mohammad Wani
Senior Resident Department of Psychiatry SKIMS Medical College Bemina, India
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i5.39
