Introduction: Ureter is a muscular tube of 25-30cm length. Duplication of ureter results from early splitting of ureteric bud. Double ureter has been reported by various authors with prevalence of 0.1% to 4%. Incomplete duplication is three times more common than complete. Double ureters can be classified as complete and incomplete.

Aim and Objective: We conducted the present study to estimate the proportion of specimens with duplication of ureter and to describe type of duplicated ureter and compare with previous studies.

Materials and Method: The present study was performed over a period of three years from 2017-2020 on 31 well preserved human cadavers in the institute of Anatomy, Madurai medical college, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India

Observation and Results: In our study we have observed one left sided ureter with complete duplication which originated from separate renal pelvis and accompanied its fellow ureter, running parallel to each other and finally drained to urinary bladder with separate opening.

Conclusion: Knowledge of developmental anomaly of the urinary system is of great importance as it can affect both the disease conditions and the interventional methods. In urogenital surgeries including renal transplant or gynecological surgeries and in laparoscopic procedures, this information is also very useful for early detection through radiological examinations.

Keywords: Duplicated ureter, double ureter, ureteric bud.

1. Standring S; In Gray’s Anatomy. 38th ed. Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingston; 2005:1285-1288
2. Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 9th Ed., Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2004: 329.
3. k. Dutta. Essentials of human embryology. 7^th Ed., Kolkata, Current books international,2017:217
4. K. Dutta. Essentials of human Anatomy-Abdomen and Thorax.10^th Ed., Kolkata, Current books international,2014:309-313
5. Vishram singh. Textbook of clinical Embryology.2^nd,New Delhi, Elseivier, 2017:260
6. Prakash et al. Double ureter and duplex system-A cadaveric and radiological study. Urological journal 2011 DOI:22037/uj.v8i2.1027
7. Rahabu Varma. Bilateral double ureters and accessory renal vessels in a Tanzanian male cadaver: a rare urinary system variation. 2011; 4: 164–166.
8. Padmaja Vasi. A case report on double ureter and accessory renal artery. Int J Anat Var (IJAV). 2014; 7: 48–50.
9. Yuganti et al. Unilateral isolated incompletely duplicated ureter-Case study. Journal of mahatmagandhi institute of medical sciences 2014:19(2);148-150.
10. Praveen et al.Unilateral incomplete duplicated ureter – A clinical and embryological insight. international Journal of Medical Research &Health Sciences, 2016, 5, 8:68-70
11. Roy M, Singh BR, Gajbe UL, Thute P. Anatomical variations of ureter in central India: A cadaveric study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2017;12:277-9
12. Vasudha kulkarni. bilateral bifid ureter with accessory renal artery: a case report 2012:9:3(3);67-79
13. MED PHoEnix : An Official Journal of NMC, Birgunj, Nepal, Volume (3), Issue (1), July, 2018, 91-94
14. Anju et al. A cadaveric study on anatomical variations of kidney and ureter in a tertiary care teaching hospital Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; June 2017: Vol.-6, Issue- 3, P. 300-305
15. Payal Arvind et al. A cadaveric study of variation in the urological system. Int J Anat Res 2018, Vol 6(3.3):5686-94
16. Privett JT, Jeans WD, Roylance J. The incidence and importance of renal duplication. Clin Radiol.1976 Oct;27(4):521-30.
17. Umesh et al.A cadaveric study on anatomical variations of kidney and ureter in India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Jun;5(6):2358-2361.

Dr Vino Victor Jesudas

Director and Professor, Institute of Anatomy, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India-625020