Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is multi-factorial polygenic disease resulting from interaction of both genetic and environment factors. Diabetes mellitus is known to have strong genetic inheritance and familial influence. Maternal and paternal diabetes conferred equivalent risk for occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in offspring.

Methods: The total of 100 patients of type 2 DM attending outdoor and indoor patient department, were enrolled in this study.

Results: Mean age was 57 year, 55% cases were female out of which 61% were having positive family history of DM. 45% cases were male out of which 39% were having positive family history of DM. Comorbid hypertension (HTN) was present in 72%, out of which 62% patients were showing positive family history of HTN and it was statistically significant(p value= 0.01) high as compare to patients who had no family history of HTN. A total 28% patients had comorbid CAD, out of which 75% had positive family history of CAD and it was statistically significant(p value=0.01). Microvascular complications like nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy were present in 13%, 14% and 24% respectively. The family history of microvascular complications like nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy were present in 84%, 85% and 75% respectively and all were statistically significant(p value<0.05).

Conclusions: Using family history and pedigree charting as a screening tool is appealing for early diagnosis of DM and its specific micro and macrovascular complications. Prevention of DM and its complications can be targeted to the individual by dietary advice, weight reduction, physical exercise healthy habits, and lifestyle modification.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Macrovascular complications, Microvascular complications.