Abstract
Background: Carcinoma penis is a rarely occurring carcinoma and management of this condition & surgical descision of lymph node dissection is vague. In this study various epidemiological, clinical and pathological features were observed and compared with other study & to study factors which help to decide lymph node dissection and management of this condition.
Materials & Methods: A prospective study conducted in Division of Urology in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and patients with proven carcinoma penis with biopsy are taken into study and total of 18 patients were observed from July 2016 to June 2018 and all data is compared with global data.
Results: Average age of presentation of disease in this study is found to be around 55 years. Most common presenting complaint is ulceroproliferative growth with associated urinary disturbances with history of recent onset of phimosis in uncircumcised individuals. Site of occurrence of growth commonly involving glans penis. Lesions of size more than 5cms had strong association with nodal involvement. About 44.40% of patients had palpable nodes.
Conclusion: High risk group should be identified and screening should be done to find out early diagnosis of pathology(11)(1). Incidence of palpable lymph nodes at time of presentation is higher when compared to western population & mostly found to be reactive node(9)(14). Personal hygiene measures and personal habits improvement should be educated to patients which can bring down incidence of carcinoma penis.
Keywords: Squmous cell carcinoma, carcinoma penis, Penectomy, Inguinal lymphnode dissection.
References
- Cubilla AL, Milner J, Schellhammer PF, Horenbias S, Ayala AG, Reuter VE, et al. Malignant epithelial tumors of the penis. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA, editors. Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Lyon: IARC Press; 2004:276-90.
- Jain SP, Agrawal PK, Jain S, Handa K, Sinha N, Dwivedi JN. The frequency of carcinoma of the penis with special reference to North India. Indian J Cancer. 1981;18:250-3.
- Kaushal V, Sharma SC. Carcinoma of the penis. A 12-year review. ActaOncol. 1987;26:413-7.
- Prabhakar BR, Gupta S, Prabhakar H. Carcinoma of the penis in Punjab. J Indian Med Assoc. 1976;66:55-7.
- Reddy CR, Reddy VC, Rao MS. Distribution of malignant tumors in Kurnool. Indian J Cancer. 1967; 4: 64-71.
- Reddy CR, Raghavaiah NV, Mouli KC. Prevalence of carcinoma of the penis with special reference to Int Surg. 1975;60:474-6.
- Thomas JA, Small CS. Carcinoma of the penis in Southern India. J Urol. 1968; 100:520-6.
- Cubilla AL, Velazques EF, Reuter VE, Oliva E, Mihm MC, Jr, Young RH. Warty (condylomatous) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: A report of 11 cases and proposed classification of ‘verruciform’ penile tumors. Am J SurgPathol. 2000; 24:505-12.
- Guimarães GC, Cunha IW, Soares FA, Lopes A, Torres J, Chaux A, et al. Penile squamous cell carcinoma clinicopathological features, nodal metastasis and outcome in 333 cases. J Urol. 2009; 182:528-34.
- Bezerra AL, Lopes A, Landman G, Alencar GN, Torloni H, Villa LL. Clinicopathologic features and human papillomavirus DNA prevalence of warty and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Am J SurgPathol. 2001; 25: 673-8.
- Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, Gregoire L, Ayala G, Ocampos S, Lancaster WD, et al. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: A distinctive human papillomavirus-related penile neoplasm: A report of 20 cases. Am J SurgPathol. 1998; 22:755-61.
- Gregoire L, Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, Haas GP, Lancaster WD. Preferential association of human papillomavirus with high-grade histologic variants of penile-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87:1705-9.
- Chaux A, Tamboli P, Ayala A, Soares F, Rodríguez I, Barreto J, et al. Warty-basaloid carcinoma: Clinicopathological features a distinctive penile neoplasm. Report of 45 cases. Mod Pathol. 2010; 23: 896-904.
- Chaux A, Lezcano C, Cubilla AL, Tamboli P, Ro J, Ayala A. Comparison of subtypes of penile squamous cell carcinoma from high and low incidence geographical regions. Int J SurgPathol. 2010;18:268-77.
- Johnson DE, Lo RK, Srigley J, Ayala AG. Verrucous carcinoma of the penis. J Urol. 1985;133:216-8
- Pettaway CA, Lynch D, Jr, Davis D. Tumors of the Penis. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi L, Novick AC, et al., eds. Campbell-Walsh Urology (ed 9). Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007:959-992.
Corresponding Author
Sharath Chandran S
Department of General Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608002, India