Abstract
Objective: To study Clinical presentations of dry eye in senior citizens of a tertiary care eye hospital
Study Design: Hospital based prospective observational study.
Materials and Methods: In this hospital based prospective observational study 260 eyes of 140 patients of dry eye above the age of 60 years, attending OPD of a tertiary care hospital were evaluate for various manifestations of dry eye. The study was carried out during the span of 1 years from December 2016 to December 2017. The patients of age 60 years or above presenting with any complaint suggestive of dry eye or diagnosed case of dry eye were evaluated in detail with reference to presenting complaints, history, personal habits, occupation, detail slit lamp examination and various investigation like schirmer’s test, tear meniscus, ocular surface staining, Tear flim breakup time (TBUT) and corneal sensation.
Results: Mean age of study group was 68.04 year ±7.2 (60-91) years. Out of 140 patients 57 (40.71%) were male and 83 (59.28%) were female. 85.71% patients had bilateral involvement rest had unilateral involvement. Grittiness (84.28%), Burning Sensation (66.42%) and Mucous Discharge (57.85%) were the common symptoms noted in present study. Conjunctival congestion (100%) was the most common sign of dry eye which was present in all cases and all grade of dry eye. Mucous thread (67.6%), Tear debris (47.6%) and epithelial erosion (38.0%) were the other common sign noted in present study. In present study 51.53% eyes had mild grade of dry eye followed by 36.53% eyes had moderate grade and 11.92% eyes had severe grade of dry eye. Mild and Moderate grade of dry eye was more common in female as compare to severe grade of dry eye which was nearly equal in both gender.
Conclusion: Elderly could be affected by any grade of dry eye but usually mild and moderate grade of dry eye are more common than severe grade of dry eye. Dry eye can present with vague and nonspecific sign and symptoms in elderly.
Keywords: Dry eye, Elderly, Clinical profile
References
- Sahai A, Malik P. Dry Eye: Prevalence and attributable risk factors in a hospitalbased population. Ind J Ophthalmol 2005; 53: 87-91.
- Gupta N, Prasad I, Jain R, D’Souza P. Estimating the prevalence of dry eye among Indian patients attending a tertiary ophthalmology clinic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2010; 104: 247-55.
- Basak SK, Pal PP, Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhury S, Sar S. Prevalence of Dry Eye Diseases in hospital-based population in West Bengal, Eastern India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012; 110: 789-94.
- Shimmura S, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. Results of a population based questionnaire on the symptoms and lifestyles associated with dry eye. Cornea 1999; 18: 408-11.
- McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingstone PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 1114-9.
- Schaumberg DA, Sullivan DA, Buring JE, Dana MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136: 318-26.
- Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118: 1264-8.
- Yazdani C, McLaughlin T, Smeeding JE, Walt J. Prevalence of treated dry eye disease in a managed care population. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 1672-82.
- Schaumberg DA, Buring JE, Sullivan DA, Dana MR. Hormone replacement therapy and dry eye syndrome. JAMA 2001; 286: 2114-9.
- Seedor JA, Lamberts D, Bergmann RB, Perry HD. Filamentary keratitis associated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl). Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 101: 376-7.
- JD Nelson: “ Dry eye syndroimes”. In Andrews P. Schachat, Henry D. Jampel, editors. Current diagnosis and manage-ment, current practice in ophthalmology. London: Mosby; 1992; P. 49-66.
- M. Sahai, AnshuSahai, Pankaj Malik. Krishna Bhojwani : “Dry eye screening “Delhi jpurnal ophthalmology 2000: Vol 9 No.3: P 39-41.
- Sjögren’s H, Bloch KJ: “Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and the sicca syndrome” Survey of ophthalmology 1971: Vol. 16No.. 3: P 145-159.
- Mitchell H. Friedlaender: “ocular manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca” Rhematic disease clinic North Americal 1992; Vol 18 No. 3: P 591-608.
- Holly FJ, Lemp MA: Tear physiology and dry eye” Survey of ophthalmology 1977;Vol 22 No.2: P.38-43.
- Tabbara KF, Wagoner M.D.: “Diagnosis and management of dry eye syndrome” Int-opthalmol din. 1996: Vol.36 No.2:P61-75.
- Nom MS: “Flurescein Vital staining of cornea and conjunctivita” ActaOphthal, 1964; Vol. 42: P 1038-1045.
- Gilbard JP. Human tear film electrolyte in health and dry eye dis. Int ophthalmo 1994;34;27-29
- Manning FJ, Wehrly SR, Foulks GN. Patient tolerance and ocular surface staining characteristics of lissamine green versus rose bengal. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 1953-7.
- Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Yoshino K, et al. Correlation of goblet cell density and mucosal epithelial membrane mucin expression with rose Bengal staining in patients with ocular irritation. Ophthalmology 1997;104: 223-35.
- Lemp M.A.: “Report of National eye Institute/Industry workshop on clinical trials in dry eye. “CLAO.l 1995: P 221-32.
- Khurana AK, Chaudhary R. Ahluwalia13K.: “A new criteria to diagnose and grade dry eye” India ophthalmology today 1993; P71-73.
- Murube. I, Tsubota K: “Dry Eye” What is nc// in understanding its nature and effective management? “Highlights of ophthalmpology Bi monthly journal 1996; Vol. 24 No.15.
Corresponding Author
Dr Rishi Gupta
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i9.195
