Abstract
Background: Hyponatremia is one of the commonest electrolyte abnormality in clinical practice and most common cause for hospital admission among elderly patients. Causing significant mortality and morbidity. Early detection and treatment may significantly decrease mortality.
Aim: To know the incidence and etiology of hyponatremia
Materials and Methods: This was prospective observational study done between October 2011 to October 2012 at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Dept of General Medicine, Ranchi. All patients with more than 60 yrs of age with atleast two serum values less than 130 mmol/L were included.
Results: Total no of patients admitted was 2100 and serum Sodium done for 2000 patients. Incidence of hyponatremia was 18.9% and severe hyponatremia was 5%.Most common age group affected with hyponatremia was 61-70 yrs (44%). Most common symptom was nausea, vomiting, seizure and altered sensorium. Most common etiology for hyponatremia was SIADH (28%) and Diuretics was second commonest cause (15%).
Conclusion: Symptamatic hyponatremia was more common among hospitalised elderly patients, SIADH and Diuretics was most common cause for hyponatremia. Mortality was about 10%, was mainly due to underlying primary disease. Most of symptoms of hyponatremia were relievd following treatment.
Keywords: Hyponatremia, SIADH, Diuretics, Vomiting, Seizures.
References
- David B Mount,Fluid and electrolyte disturbance. Harrisons principle of internal medicine;2015;63:19:295-312.
- Gary L Robertson, Disorders of the Neurohypophysis. Harrisons principle of internal medicine; 2015 ;404 :19: 2274-2283.
- Alan G Robinson,Joseph G Verbalis. Posterior Pituitary. Williams Endocrinology; 2011;10:12:291-317.
- Shanmugasundaram Rajamani et al, Clinico-etiological profile of Hypona-tremia in elderly. International Journal of Medical and Health Research: 2017:3(7):25-30.
- Soni Kumar et al. Serum sodium abnormality profile in hospitalized elderly patients in a tertiary care centre from north India: a cross sectional observational study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences:2018:6(1):321-327.
- Nuket Bayram Kayar et al.Evaluation of the frequency of hyponatremia and risk factors among hospitalized geriatric patients. Biomedical Research: 2016:27(1):257-262.
- Shivaji Patil et al. Incidence of Hyponatremia in Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit: Observational Study. International Journal of Dental and Medical Specialty:2016:3(1):12-15.
- Sandar win et al.Current Trends in Prevalence and Etiologic Factors Respo-nsible for Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients. Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics: 2016:6(6):2161-0959.
- Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Schrier RW, Sterns RH. Hyponatremia treatment guidelines Am J Med. 2007;120:S1-21
- Hawkins RC et al. Age and gender as risk factors for hyponatremia and hypernatremia Clinica Chimica Acta. 2003;337(1-2):169-72.
- MY Rao, Sudhir U, Anil Kumar T, Saravanan S, Mahesh E, Punith K, et al. Hospital-Based Descriptive Study of Symptomatic Hyponatremia in Elderly Patients. JAPI. 2010;58:667-9.
- Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med 2006; 119: 30-35.
- Smith MD, Mc Kenna K, Thompson JC. Hyponatremia. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 52: 667-678.
- Waikar SS, Mount DB, Curhan GC. Mortality after Hospitalization with Mild, Moderate, and Severe Hyponatremia. Am J Med 2009; 122: 857-865.
- Gosch M, Gstrein BJ, Heppner HJ, Lechleitner M. Hyponatremia in Geriatric In hospital Patients: Effects on Results of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Gerontology 2012; 58: 430-440.
Corresponding Author
Lokesh N K
Assistant Professor Dept of General Medicine MIMS Mandya 571401 Karnataka India
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i9.131
