Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid gland can be affected by a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from functional and immunologically mediated enlargement to neoplastic lesions. Thyroid gland lesions occur with geographical variation in incidence and histopathological patterns related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors. Majority of thyroid lesions are non neoplastic. Only less than 5% are malignant. Our attempt was to study the spectrum of thyroid lesions and to categorize them into neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of thyroid.
Aim: To study the frequency of various thyroid lesions in thyroidectomy specimens and categorise them into non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.
Materials and Methods: It is a record based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care teaching centre in Central Kerala. All the thyroidectomy specimens received in the Dept. of Pathology over a period of 2 years from November 2014 to October 2016 were included in the study. Data including patients age, sex, type of surgery and histopathological diagnosis were collected from records and the data analysed by standard statistical methods.
Results: A total of 620 thyroidectomy specimens were included in this study. The highest incidence of lesions was seen in the fourth to fifth decade (32.74%) and showed a female predominance (88.38%). Non neoplastic lesions accounted for 509 cases (82%) and neoplastic lesions constituted 111 cases (18%). The commonest non neoplastic lesion was nodular colloid goiter and the commonest neoplastic lesion was papillary carcinoma thyroid. The commonest benign lesion was follicular adenoma.
Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine diseases. In our study thyroid diseases showed a definite female predominance most of them occurring in an age group of 40-50 years. Non neoplastic lesions constituted 82% of lesions and neoplastic lesions constituted 18%. Histopathological examination is the mainstay for definitive diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms.
Keywords: Thyroid lesions, thyroidectomy, non neoplastic, neoplastic, papillary carcinoma.
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Corresponding Author
Dr Sheela K M
Associate Professor (CAP), Dept. of Pathology, Medical College, Trivandrum
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.86
