Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication in diabetes which affects the eyes by damaging the blood vessels of retina. The nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability and permeability of drug in the retina as it can help to cross the barriers of eye like cornea, conjunctiva and blood retinal barriers (BRBs). Nanotech-nology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. It is consequently conjoint to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "Nano scale technologies" to rise to the expansive assortment of research and solicitations whose conjoint peculiarity is size. Because of the variability of potential capitulations (containing industrial and military), executives have endowed billions of dough in nanotechnology exploration.
Keywords: Nanofibers, electrospining, electrostatic forces, drug-polymer interactions, posterior anatomy of eye, dosing frequencies.
References
- Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Honeycutt AA, Lesesne SB, Saaddine J. Forecasting age-related macular degeneration through the year 2050: the potential impact of new treatments. Archives of ophthalmology. 2009 Apr 1;127(4):533-40.
- Nowak JZ. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): pathogenesis and therapy. Pharmacological Reports. 2006 May 1;58(3):353.
- Kompella UB, Kadam RS, Lee VH. Recent advances in ophthalmic drug delivery. Therapeutic delivery. 2010 Sep;1(3):435-56.
- Cheruvu NP, Amrite AC, Kompella UB. Effect of diabetes on transscleral delivery of celecoxib. Pharmaceutical research. 2009 Feb 1;26(2):404-14.
- Amrite AC, Edelhauser HF, Singh SR, Kompella UB. Effect of circulation on the disposition and ocular tissue distribution of 20 nm nanoparticles after periocular administration. Molecular vision. 2008;14:150.
- Kador PF, Randazzo J, Babb T, Koushik K, Takamura Y, Zhu W, Blessing K, Kompella UB. Topical aldose reductase inhibitor formulations for effective lens drug delivery in a rat model for sugar cataracts. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007 Apr 1;23(2):116-23.
- Kador PF, Randazzo J, Babb T, Koushik K, Takamura Y, Zhu W, Blessing K, Kompella UB. Topical aldose reductase inhibitor formulations for effective lens drug delivery in a rat model for sugar cataracts. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007 Apr 1;23(2):116-23.
- Ayalasomayajula SP, Kompella UB. Subconjunctivally administered celecoxib-PLGA microparticles sustain retinal drug levels and alleviate diabetes-induced oxidative stress in a rat model. European journal of pharmacology. 2005 Mar 28;511(2):191-8.
- Koushik K, Kompella UB. Preparation of large porous deslorelin-PLGA microparticles with reduced residual solvent and cellular uptake using a supercritical carbon dioxide process. Pharmaceutical research. 2004 Mar 1;21(3):524-35.
- Volgraf M, Gorostiza P, Numano R, Kramer RH, Isacoff EY, Trauner D. Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch. Nature chemical biology. 2005 Dec 11;2(1):nchembio756.
- Szobota S, Gorostiza P, Del Bene F, Wyart C, Fortin DL, Kolstad KD, Tulyathan O, Volgraf M, Numano R, Aaron HL, Scott EK. Remote control of neuronal activity with a light-gated glutamate receptor. Neuron. 2007 May 24;54(4):535-45.
- Barnes CP, Sell SA, Boland ED, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Nanofiber technology: designing the next generation of tissue engineering scaffolds. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2007 Dec 10;59(14):1413-33.
- Causa F, Netti PA, Ambrosio L. A multi-functional scaffold for tissue regeneration: the need to engineer a tissue analogue. Biomaterials. 2007 Dec 31;28(34):5093-9.
- Goldberg M, Langer R, Jia X. Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2007 Jan 1;18(3):241-68.
- Weigel T, Schinkel G, Lendlein A. Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering. Expert review of medical devices. 2006 Nov 1;3(6):835-51.
- Sretavan DW, Chang W, Hawkes E, Keller C, Kliot M. Microscale surgery on single axons. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct 1;57(4):635-46.
- Tao S, Young C, Redenti S, Zhang Y, Klassen H, Desai T, Young MJ. Survival, migration and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells transplanted on micro-machined poly (methyl methacrylate) scaffolds to the subretinal space. Lab on a Chip. 2007;7(6):695-701.
- Ferreira L, Karp JM, Nobre L, Langer R. New opportunities: the use of nanotechnologies to manipulate and track stem cells. Cell stem cell. 2008 Aug 7;3(2):136-46.
- Lin YM, Avouris P. Strong suppression of electrical noise in bilayer graphenenanodevices. Nano letters. 2008 Feb 26;8(8):2119-25.
- Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. Relationship of hyperglycemia to the long-term incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Archives of internal medicine. 1994 Oct 10;154(19):2169-78.
- VandenLangenberg GM, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, Klein BE, Brady WE, Palta M. Associations between antioxidant and zinc intake and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. American journal of epidemiology. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):204-14.
- Schoenfeld ER, Greene JM, Wu SY, Leske MC. Patterns of adherence to diabetes vision care guidelines: baseline findings from the Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness Program. Ophthalmology. 2001 Mar 31;108(3):563-71.
- Pe'er J, Folberg R, Itin A, Gnessin H, Hemo I, Keshet E. Upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. British journal of ophthalmology. 1996 Mar 1;80(3):241-5.
- Mares-Perlman JA, Brady WE, Klein R, VandenLangenberg GM, Klein BE, Palta M. Dietary fat and age-related maculopathy. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1995 Jun 1;113(6):743-8.
- Fransen SR, Leonard-Martin TC, Feuer WJ, Hildebrand PL, Inoveon Health Research Group. Clinical evaluation of patients with diabetic retinopathy: accuracy of the Inoveon diabetic retinopathy-3DT system. Ophthalmology. 2002 Mar 31;109(3):595-601.
- Roy MS, Roy A, Affouf M. Depression is a risk factor for poor glycemic control and retinopathy in African-Americans with type 1 diabetes. Psychosomatic medicine. 2007 Jul 1;69(6):537-42.
- World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. Part 1, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.
- Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. Jama. 2001 Sep 12;286(10):1195-200.
- Engerman R, Bloodworth JM, Nelson S. Relationship of microvascular disease in diabetes to metabolic control. Diabetes. 1977 Aug 1;26(8):760-9.
- Doft BH, Kingsley LA, Orchard TJ, Kuller L, Drash A, Becker D. The association between long-term diabetic control and early retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1984 Jul 1;91(7):763-9.
- Chase HP, Jackson WE, Hoops SL, Cockerham RS, Archer PG, O'Brien D. Glucose control and the renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes. Jama. 1989 Feb 24;261(8):1155-60.
- Chase HP, Jackson WE, Hoops SL, Cockerham RS, Archer PG, O'Brien D. Glucose control and the renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes. Jama. 1989 Feb 24;261(8):1155-60
- Bergenstal RM, Morse P, Rubenstein AH, Bending JJ, Bilous RW, Keen H, Pickup JC, Viberti GC, Gosh G, Kohner EM, Lawson PM. Diabetic retinopathy after two years of intensified insulin treatment. Follow-up of the Kroc Collaborative Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1988;260(1):37-41.
Corresponding Author
Jatin Singla
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.