References

1. Blumenberg RM, Barton E, Gelfand ML, Skudder P, Brennan J. Occult deep venous thrombosis complicating superficial thrombophlebitis. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:338-43.
2. Verlato F, Zucchetta P, Prandoni P, et al. An unexpectedly high rate of pulmonary embolism in patients with superficial thrombophlebitis of the thigh. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30:1113-5.        
3. Schönauer V, Kyrle PA, Weltermann A, et al. Superficial thrombophlebitis and risk for recurrent thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:834-8.       
4. Samlaska CP, James WD. Superficial thrombophlebitis I. Primary hypercoagu-lable states. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(6 Pt 1):975-89.
5. Samlaska CP, James WD. Superficial thrombophlebitis II. Secondary hypercoag-ulable states. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23:1-18.
6. Wahrenbrock M, Borsig L, Le D, Varki N, Varki A. Selectin-mucin interactions as a probable molecular explanation for the association of Trousseau syndrome with mucinous adenocarcinomas. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:853-62.
7. Husni EA, Williams WA. Mondor´s disease. A superficial phlebitis of the breast. Lancet. 1962;1:994-6.
8. Leon L, Giannoukas AD, Dodd D, Chan P, Labropoulos N. Clinical significance of superficial vein thrombosis. Eur J VascEndovasc Surg. 2005;29:10-7.
9. Lutter KS, Kerr TM, Roedersheimer LR, Lohr JM, Sampson MG, Cranley JJ. Superficial thrombophlebitis diagnosed by duplex scanning. Surgery. 1991;110:42-6.
10. Superficial Thrombophlebitis Treated By Enoxaparin Study Group. A pilot randomized double-blind comparison of a low-molecular-weight heparin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and placebo in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1657-63.
11. Lofgren EP, Lofgren KA. The surgical treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. Surgery. 1981;90:49-54.
12. Sullivan V, Denk PM, Sonnad SS, Eagleton MJ, Wakefield TW. Ligation versus anticoagulation: treatment of above-knee superficial thrombophlebitis not involving the deep venous system. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193:556-62.       
13. Lozano FS, Almazan A. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus saphenofemoral disconnection for the treatment of above-knee greater saphenous thrombophlebitis: a prospective study. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2003;37:415-20.
14. Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(2):CD004982.      
15. Marchiori A, Mosena L, Prandoni P. Superficial vein thrombosis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006;32:737–743. 
16. Gorty S, Patton-Adkins J, Dalanno M, Starr JE, Dean S, Satiani B. Superficial venous thrombosis of the lower extremities: Analysis of risk factors, and recurrence and role of anticoagulation.  Vasc Med. 2004;9:1–6. 
17. Decousus H, Epinat M, Guillot K, et al. Superficial vein thrombosis risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. CurrOpinPulm Med. 2003;9:393–397.
18. Sullivan V, Denk PM, Sonnad SS, Eagleton MJ, Wakefield TW. Ligation versus anticoagulation: Treatment of above-knee superficial thrombophlebitis not involving the deep venous system. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193:556–562.
19. Decousus H, Prandoni P, Mismetti P, et al. for the Calista Study Group. Fondaparinux in the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis of the leg. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1222–1232.
20. Schonauer V, Kyrle PA, Weltermann A, et al. Superficial thrombophlebitis and risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:834–838. 

Corresponding Author

Dr K.Ravichandran

Associate Professor of Surgery

Dept of Surgery Rajah Muthiah Medical College,

Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu