Title: Hesperidin and Experimentally-Induced Arthritis in Male Rats
Authors: Hader I. Sakr, Akef A. Khowailed, Nermeen A. Bastawy, Safy S. Gaber, Osama M. Ahmed, Asmaa S. Gaber
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.185
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common cause of arthritis, is a chronic autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology characterized by synovial hyperplasia, autoantibody production, cartilage and bone destruction, joint malformation and systemic features in the form of cardiovascular, pulmonary, psychological, and skeletal disorders. Its prevalence is 1% of the population. The pathogenesis of RA is still not fully understood. RA starts by a cascade of inflammatory events lead to degradation of tissues. It is characterized by low interferon γ (IFN γ) produced by Th1 cells in the joint with high TNFα, IL-1, IL-6 and others derived from macrophages and synoviocytes. High levels of serum TNFα, IL-1cause synovial inflammation and joint damage, activates tissue-destroying matrix metalloproteinases, and additionally stimulates the development of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone degradation. Treatment strategies for RA include steroids, NSAID’s, immunosuppressant agents, DMARD, among others; however, they have their own share of side effects and toxicities. Thus, naturally originated drugs are highly desired to substitute chemical therapeutics. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible effect of hesperidin on RA in male rats and to explain the possible mechanisms underlying such effect.
Animals and Methods: 36 male albino rats were divided into two main groups kept under observation for one week (group I) and two weeks (group II). Each group was divided into three subgroups: normal (subgroup A), RA (subgroup B) and oral hesperidin (25 mg/kg) treated (subgroup C). Ankle diameter, serum RF, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, livers homogenates MDA, GSH, SOD and NO were measured in addition to right ankle joints histopathological examination.
Results: Hesperidin treatment to the rheumatic rats was associated with decreased ankle diameter, serum RF, IL-1β, TNFα and liver homogenates MDA and NO, and increased serum IL-4 and IL-10 and liver homogenates GSH and SOD with reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate and necrosis of articular cartilage compared to arthritic group. Two weeks treatment showed better results than one week treatment.
Conclusion: Hesperidin have pronounced useful effects in alleviating the disturbed ankle diameter, serum RF, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, oxidative stress in liver homogenate and ankle joint histopathology in rheumatic male rats.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, ankle edema, hesperidin, oxidative stress.
