Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus promote to impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water and electrolytes. Micronutrient have been explore as a potential, preventive and therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications. Hence, this study was planned to evaluate the serum magnesium levels in patients with type 2 DM and to correlate them with the microvascular complications.
Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was done, in which subjects with DM type 2 attending medicine OPD and admitted in S.P. Medical College, Bikaner were taken as cases also of age group above 30 years. A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study.
Results: This is a hospital based cross sectional study observed that majority of patients were male (71.33%) and female were (28.67%). The serum magnesium levels were between 1.8 to 2.5 mg/dL (normomagnesemia) among 58.67% of the patients while 41.33% of the patients had serum magnesium levels of < 1.8 mg/dL (hypomagnesemia) and hypomagnesemia (< 1.8 mg/dL) is seen in 58.54% of the patients with microvascular complications compared to 20.59% of the patients. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is widely prevalent (41.33%) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower serum magnesium was seen in patients with poor control and longer duration of diabetes.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Serum magnesium, Microvascular complication.
References
- International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 5th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2011.
- Gale, Jason (November 7, 2010). "India’s Diabetes Epidemic Cuts Down Millions Who Escape Poverty". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 June2012.
- "Diabetes can be controlled in 80 percent of Cases in India". IANS. news. Biharpr-abha. com. Retrieved 6 February2014.
- Koda-Kimble MA, Carlisle BA. Diabetes mellitus. In: Young LY, Koda- Kimble MA, Kradjan WA, Guglielmo BJ, eds. Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs. 6th , Vancouver (WA): Applied therapeutics 1995; 48:481-5.
- Fauci AS, Kasper DS, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et Harrison’s principles of internal medi-cine. United States; McGraw Hill: 2008.
- Mooradian AD, Failla M, Hoogwerf B, Maryniuk M, Wylie-Rosett J. Selected vitamins and minerals in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994;17:464-79.
- Walter RM, Bhandarkar SD. Trace elements in diabetes mellitus. J Postgrad Med 1981;27:129-32.
- American Diabetes Associates. Clinical Practice Recommendations: Diabetes Care 2004;6:1-16.
- Dasgupta A, Sarma D, Saikia UK. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocr Metab 2012;16:1000-3
- Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:366-73.
- Saris NEL, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, Khawaja JA, Lewenstam A. Magnesium: An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. Clin Chem Acta 2000;294:1-26.
- Elamin A, Tuvemo T. Magnesium and insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990;10:203-9.
- Kao WHL, Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, Watson RL, Brancati, FL. Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2151-9.
- Grafton G, Baxter MA, Sheppard MC. Effects of magnesium on sodium dependant inositol transport. Diabetes 1992;41:35-9.
- Puri M, Gujaral M, Nayyar SB. Comparative study of serum zinc, magnesium and copper levels among patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without microangiopathic complica-tions. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 2013;3(6)L274-8.
- Swain RP, Subudhi BB, Mahapatra AK, Bolapreddi V. Bridging Between Disease, Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2015;7(2):212-28.
- Kopelman PG, Hitman GA. Naturally occurring antihyper glycemic and antidyslipedimic agents. The Lancet 1998;5:352.
- Shi Y, Frank B. The global implications of diabetes and cancer. The Lancet 1947;9933:383.
- Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. William’s text book of endocrinology. 12th, Philadelphia: Elsevier; 1996.
- Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res 2007;125:217-30.
- Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:366-73.
- Voets T, Nilius B, Hoefs S, van der Kemp AW, Droogmans G, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG: TRPM6 forms the Mg2+ influx channel involved in intestinal and renal Mg2+ J Biol Chem 2004;279:19–25.
- Walti MK, Zimmermann MB, Hurrell RF. Low plasma magnesium in type-2 diabe-tes. Swiss Med Wkly 2003;133:289-92.
- Dasgupta A, Sarma D, Saikia UK. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocr Metab 2012;16:1000-3
- Choudhary R, Thanna RC, Vamne A, Pathak S. A Retrospective Study Of Serum Magnesium In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Correlation With Strategy Of Treatment. GJBB 2015;4(2):172-4.
- Sajjan NB, Choudhari AS, Desai GM, Dharapur MS, Wali VV. Evaluation of association of serum magnesium with dyslipidaemia in diabetic nephropathy – a case control study. National J Med Res 2014;4(4):318-21.
- Fujii S, Takemura T, Wada M, Akai T, Okuda K. Magnesium levels in plasma erythrocytes and urine in patients with diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res 1982;14:61-2.
Corresponding Author
Dr Makkhan Lal Saini
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Medicine,
S.P Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.160
