Biofilms are microbially derived sessile communities characterized by the cells that are irreversibly attached to a substratum or to each other. The oral microbiota attach and grows as interactive microbial communities  in the form of structurally and functionally organized biofilms. The bacteria interact, both synergistically and antagonistically. Bacteria combine metabolic forces in order to breakdown complex host mac­romolecules (eg, mucins) in order to obtain nutrients. Cell-cell signaling occurs using a range of diffusible molecules which facilitates the coordination of gene expression among members of the microbial community. Taking in account these considerations, here, the most commonly used, as well as some innovative methods for analytical studies on biofilm are reviewed. Understanding the complex interactions between bacteria that occur within an oral biofilm will provide insight necessary for improving diagnosis, treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. Dental practitioners should be aware of emerging diagnostic techniques and should strive to work in concert with researchers to harness new technologies for improving biofilm management.

Keywords:  Biofilm, Bacteria, Aassays, Mucins, Community, Cell siganilling.

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Sandeep Kaur Bhullar

National Dental College and Hospital

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