Abstract
Background: Worldwide there is increasing incidence of obesity among women and is related to adverse maternal pregnancy outcome such as Gestational hypertension, Gestational diabetes, Preeclampsia, cesarean section and on fetal birth weight. Considering this with the effects on pregnancy outcome and fetal outcome, this study is to bring out the association of maternal pre-pregnant Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight gain to south Indian setup. Objective: 1.To study the association between pre-pregnant BMI with maternal weight gain during pregnancy and fetal birth outcomes. 2. Relationship between hypertension and diabetes with weight gain.
Methods: We studied 250 pregnant women at Velammal medical college Hospital and calculated their pre-pregnant BMI and Average weight gain during pregnancy; we also collected risk factors and complications during pregnancy and the fetal weight at birth. We analyzed the relationship between pre-pregnant BMI with average weight gain during pregnancy, weight gain with risk factors and complications, weight gain with fetal birth weight.
Results: The average weight gain during pregnancy in our study was 9 Kg. and average fetal birth weight was 2.8 Kg.
Conclusion: This study shows that pre-pregnant BMI is not related to risk factors during pregnancy except gestational diabetes and pre eclampsia with a marginal increase in overweight and obese category. There was a linear correlation with increase in cesarean section rate in obese group.
Keywords: Pre-pregnant. Body Mass Index. Obesity. Weight gain. Birth weight.
References
- Catalano PM, Ehrenberg HM. The short and long term implications of maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006;113:1126
- Santo M, Oriana V, Elsa G. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight: a review of literature. Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 2011; 5(2):27-30
- Han Z, Mulla S, Beyene J et all. Maternal underweight and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta- analyses. International Journal of Epidemiology 2011;40:65-101
- Ferreira HS, Moura FA, Cabra CR et all. Short stature of mothers from an area endemic for under nutrition is associated with obesity, hypertension and stunted children: a population based study in the semi arid region of Alagoas. British Journal of Nutrition:2009;101:1239-1245
- Hoff GL, Cai J, Okah FA, Dew PC. Pre-pregnancy overweight status between successive pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes. Journal of women Health.2009;18:1413-1417
- Doherty DA, Magann EF, Francis J et all. Pre-Pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy outcomes. Intesrnational Journal pf Gynecology and Obstetrics.2006;95:242-247
- Liu X, Du J, Wang G, Chen Z et all. Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index on adverse pregnancy outcomes innorth China. Arch Gyenecology and Obstetrics. 2011;283:65-70
- Samuels ME, Funai EF, Buhimschi C et all. Pre-Pregnancy body mass index, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and long term maternal mortality. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;107:490-496
- Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Sharma AJ. High risk pregnancy weight gain and risk of excessive fetal growth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009;201:51-56
- Rode L, Hegaard HK, Kjaergaard H, Moller LF, Tabor A, Ottesen B. Association between maternal weight gain and fetal weight gain. Obstetrics and Gynecology.2007;109:1309-1315
- Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sorensen T, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM. Combined association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestaional weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. American Journal Clin Nutrition. 2008;87:1750-1759
- Barbara H, Oliver T, Valerie G, Anne F, Monique K, Bernard G. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy: relation with gestational diabetes and hypertension and birth outcomes. Maternal child health Journal.2012:16(2): 355-363
- Gurlinckx I, Devlieger R, Beckers K, Vasant G. Maternal obesity: pregnancy complications, gestational weight gain and nutrition. Obes Rev. 2008;140-150
- Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sorensen T, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM. combined associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. American journal Clin Nutrition. 2008;87:1750-1759
- Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obstetrics 2007;8:385-394
- Ehrenberg HM, Dierker L, Milluzzi C, Mercer BM. Prevalence of maternal obesity in an urban centre. American journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002;187:1189-1193
- Soens MA, Birnbach DJ, Ranasinghe JS, Van ZA. Obstetric anesthesia for the obese and morbidly obese patient: an ounce of prevention is worth more than a pound of treatment. Acta Anesthsiology Scand. 2008;52:6-19
- Muhlhausler BS, Ong ZY. The Fetal Origin of obesity: early origin of altered food intake.Endocrinology metabolic immune disorder drug targets. 2011;11:189-197
- Johnson JWC, Longmate JA, Frenzen B. Excessive maternal weight and pregnancy outcome. American journal of Obstestrics and gynecology.1992:167;353-372
- Kimiko E, Shigeru A, Rie T, Kana F, Kentaro S. Pregnancy outcomes based on pre-pregnancy body mass index in Japanese women. PLoS ONE. 2016:11(6);1371
- Meghan A, Michael LP, Jay S. The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal health. Rev Obstet and Gynecol. 2008:1(4);170-178.
Corresponding Author
Dr K J Jeevitha
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
Velammal Medical College Hospital & RI Madurai – 625009
Ph: +91 9940292762, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.137
