Introduction: Changes in food consumption and health habits that have developed over the last three decades, the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased in both developed and developing countries. This has led to a striking worldwide increase in the rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adolescent age group.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total of sixty seven subjects were studied comprising of 36 obese adolescents (15 males, 21 females) and 31 (16 males, 15 females) apparently healthy normal weight adolescents of age group between 17-19 years. In all the subjects BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference was measured, GTT was done, and the serum concentrations of fasting glucose, 2 hr glucose and fasting insulin were estimated. Further HOMA-IR, GF/IF, QUICKI, HOMA%B were calculated.

Results: Increased insulin concentrations was observed in obese individuals (18.18±1.29) when compared to non obese individuals (9.41±3.19). Significantly higher HOMA-IR (3.97±2.61 vs 1.97±0.69) (p<0.001) and HOMA%B (269.32±147.02 vs 173.07±92.94) (P<0.01) were observed in obese individuals when compared to non obese individuals. GF/IF (6.31±3.25 vs 10.26±4.18) (p<0.001) and QUICKI (0.32±0.02 vs 0.35±0.02) (p<0.001) were significantly lower in cases when compared to controls. BMI was positively correlated with insulin resistance (r= 0.536, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r=-0.545, p<0.001) and both were found to be statistically significant. The odds of developing insulin resistance and impaired insulin sensitivity is 6.86 and 5.33 times respectively more in obese when compared to non obese individuals.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that both insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity predict conversion to diabetes in obese adolescents. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of both type 2 diabetes and premature cardiovascular diseases in this young population at risk. Lifestyle measures have to be taken to improve IR.

Keywords: Beta cell dysfunction, type 2 DM, obesity, insulin resistance, impaired insulin sensitivity.

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Dakshayani Patlolla

Department of Biochemistry,

Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences