Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhance bone fragility, thus increasing the susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures in India occur commonly in both sexes, and may occur at a younger age than in the West. Healthy lifestyle can have a major positive impact on the bone metabolism and bone health of Indians. Thus, osteoporosis is a major public health problem in Indian especially in women. Low calcium intakes with extensive prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, increasing longevity, sex inequality, early menopause, genetic predisposition, lack of diagnostic facilities, and poor knowledge of bone health have contributed toward the high prevalence of osteoporosis. Present study evaluate the factors of osteoporotic bone injury, all the subject were randomly selected from survey and their osteoporotic status and bones injury was observed with the help of specially designed questionnaire.
Keywords: osteoporosis, bone injury.
References
- Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(4):390–406.
- Government of India: Ministry of Home Affairs Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. 2011. [Accessed May 3, 2015]. Available from:
- Mithal A, Kaur P. Osteoporosis in Asia: a call to action. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012;10(4):245–247.
- Khadilkar A, Mughal MZ, Hanumante N, et al. Oral calcium supplementation reverses the biochemical pattern of parathyroid hormone resistance in underprivileged Indian toddlers. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94(12):932–937.
- Tandon VR, Sharma S, Mahajan S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Indian menopausal women and its correlation with diabetes: a first Indian cross sectional data. J Midlife Health. 2014;5(3):121–125.
- Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BA, Isaksson OG, Andreassen TT, Slootweg MC. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev. 1998;19(1):55–79.
- Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians: A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research. Hyderabad: National Institute of Nutrition; Indian Council of Medical Research; 2009.
- Ritu G, Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, causalities and interve-ntions. Nutrients. 2014;6(2):729–775.
- National Institute of Nutrition. Indian Council of Medical Research Dietary Guidelines for Indians: A Manual. 2nd ed. 2011. [Accessed May 3, 2015]. Available from: http://ninindia.org/Dietary-GuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf
- Gupta MD. Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Popul Dev Rev. 1987;13(1):77–100.
- Sanwalka NJ, Khadilkar AV, Mughal MZ, et al. A study of calcium intake and sources of calcium in adolescent boys and girls from two socioeconomic strata, in Pune, India. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(3):324–329.
- Subramaniam R. Gender-bias in India: the importance of household fixed-effects. Oxf Econ Pap. 1996;48(2):280–299.
- Government of India: Ministry of Women and Child Development Revised Nutriti-onal and Feeding Norms for Supplem-entary nutrition in ICDS Scheme. 2009. [Accessed May 3, 2015]. Available from: http://wcd.nic.in/fnb/fnb/guidelines/univ_icds5.pdf.
- Rentero ML, Carbonell C, Casillas M, Béjar MG, Berenguer R (2008). Risk Factors for Osteoporosis and Fractures in Postmenopausal Women Between 50 and 65 Years of Age in a Primary Care Setting in Spain: A Questionnaire. The Open Rheumatology Journal, 2: 58–63.
- Pande K, Pande S, Tripathi S, Kanoi R, Thakur A, Patle S. Poor knowledge about osteoporosis in learned Indian women. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:433–436.
- Saravi FD (2013). Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool Performance in a Large Sample of Post-menopausal Women of Mendoza, Argentina. Journal of Osteopor-osis, 2013, doi. org/10.1155/2013/150154
- Meunier P (1999). Calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K in the prevention of fractures due to osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int, Suppl.2: S48-S52.
- Heaney RP, Gallagher JC, Johnston CC, Neer R, Parfitt MA, Chir B, Whedon DG (1982). Calcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr, 36: 986–1013.
- lawrence riggs and l.joseph melton III , Osteoporosis etiology diagnosis and mana-gement, second published by Lippincott raven publisher philadelpia 1995 p.188-192,255-257,
- Felix Bronner Richard v.Worrill, Orthopadics Principles of Basic and clinical science, CRC press Boca London New York Washington D.C. p 80-86
- s Antomy et Al.,Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, vol-II,14th edition, MC Grow Hill Health Professions Division. 1998. P 2247-2252
- Herta Sponcer and Lois kramer, Osteoporosis: Calcium, Fluoride and Aluminum interactions, journal of the American College of Nutrition 1985 ,4:12-128
- Lindsay H Allen,Calcium Absorption and Requirements During the Lifespan, Nutrition Hews,1984 feb.47(1):1-3
Corresponding Author
Dr Neelofer
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Contact: 91+ 9458819465
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.32
