Abstract
Cattle play important role in economy of India as it is the largest milk producer in world. Different dietary products can be derived from Cattles which are rich in different nutrients. Not only for food but Cattles are also used for ploughing. Keeping all these insight the numbers (quantity) as well as quality of cattle is also needed to be improved. More numbers of Cattles can be found among live stocks where the fertility of live stocks is good. Different factors affect the fertility of them. Their nutrition, environment, disease resistance power, different proteins and enzymes and hormones. Protein, enzymes and hormones are plays the key role in efficiency of pregnancy in cattle. The estrous cycle of cattle also plays a very important role in highly fertile cattle. Cows having a perfect estrous cycle can give birth more qualitative off springs. Difference in different proteins can also be found in pregnant cows and non pregnant cows. During estrous cycle and also during gestation period fluctuations of different proteins takes place at high levels. The proteins are expressed by different genes which get activated during the pregnancy period. During different stages of gestation period also difference in protein levels are found by experiments. But now a day due to several dysfunctioning early pregnancy diagnoses is needed to avoid the unwanted miscarriage or loss of pregnancy. Due to unusual repeated crossings the loss of pregnancy and abnormality in offspring are found. After fertilization and implantation of embryo chances the loss of pregnancy becomes less and productivity will be increased. The early pregnancy detection can be done by examining different proteins dubbed as pregnancy specific proteins like PAGs, PSPB, uteroglobins, interferon-induced GTP binding proteins etc. Comparison must be done between different proteins, from histotroph and endometrium at estrous stage, pregnant cow and non pregnant cow. After this precaution should be taken to avoid the loss of pregnancy and fertility can be obtained which will come under live stocks management.
Index Terms— IFNT, PAGs, PDBU, PSPB, Progesterone, Uteroglobin, Interferon Induced GTP Binding Proteins.
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Corresponding Author
Er. S. Shekhar Mohapatra
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India 144411
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i9.61
