Abstract
Background: Many of the systemic manifestations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are mediated through increased levels of inflammatory proteins. Hence, there is much interest in the use of biomarkers of systemic inflammation in COPD, as these may have possible application in disease phenotyping, monitoring of disease progression or exacerbation and measuring the effects of therapeutic intervention. The study was undertaken to evaluate the circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients of COPD.
Methods: Plasma levels of CRP and IL8 were measured in 60 patients of COPD. CRP was estimated by immunoturbiditimetric method, while IL-8 levels were measured by commercially available ELISA kits. The results were expressed as mean ± SD and statistical comparison was done using student’s “t” test. Pearson’s coefficient was used for correlation analysis.
Results: The levels of CRP and IL-8 were found to be significantly higher in patients with COPD as compared to the controls and the levels increased with the severity of the disease being significantly higher in the acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) as compared to the stable COPD (CRP= 86.80±40.93, 25.67±21.69 mg/l and IL-8= 97.19±55.45, 21.28±15.89 pg/ml, respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.86, p<0.001) was found between the levels of CRP and IL-8 in patients of COPD, while the levels correlated negatively with FEV1%.
Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that circulating levels of inflammatory proteins are elevated in patients of COPD and correlate positively with the disease severity. It may be concluded that levels of CRP and IL8 could be a useful complimentary criteria to improve therapeutic and prognostic strategies for COPD.
Keywords- COPD, CRP, IL-8.
References
1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349:1498-1504.
2. Chan KH, Yeung SC, Yao TJ, Ip MSM, Cheung AHK, Yeung MMW, Mak JCW. Elevated plasma adiponectin levels in patients with COPD. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010;14(9): 1193-1200
3. Nussbaumer OY, Rabe KF.Systemic manifestations of COPD. Chest 2011;139: 165-173.
4. Corbi G.M, Carbone S, Ziccardi P, Giugliano G, Marfella R, Nappo, F, etal. FFAs and QT intervals in obese women with visceral adiposity: Effects of sustained weight loss over 1 year. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;87:2080–2083.
5. Corbi GM, Bianco A, Turchiarelli V, Cellurale M, Fatica F, Daniele A etal. Potential mechanisms linking atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk in COPD: Focus on sirtuins. Int I Mol Sci 2013;14:12696-12713.
6. Barnes PJ, Celli BR. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J 2009;33:1165-1185.
7. Laveneziana P, Palange P. ERS research seminar faculty. Physical activity, nutritional status and systemic inflammation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2012;40:522-529.
8. Vaguliene N, Zemaitis M, lavinskiene S, Miliauskas S, sakalauskas R. Local and systemic netrophilic inflammation in patients with lung cancer and COPD. BMC Immunol 2013;14:36.
9. Wouters EF, Groenewegen KH, Dentener MA, Vernooy JH. Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:the role of exacerbations. Proc Am Thorac Soc.2007;4(8):626-34.
10. Broekhuizen R, Wouters EF, Creutzberg EC, Schols AM. Raised CRP levels mark metabolic and functional impairment in advanced COPD. Thorax 2006;61(1):17-22.
11. Yende S, Waterer GW, Tolley EA, et al. Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilator limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects. Thorax 2006;61:10-16.
12. Higashimoto Y, Yamagata Y, Taya S. Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma: Similarities and differences. Respirology 2008;13(1):128:133.
13. Xie J, Yang X-Yi, Shi J, Deng X, Long W. A new inflammation marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-adiponectin. World J Emerg med 2010;1(30):190-195.
14. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD)2010;http://www.goldcopd.org
15. Whiteman SC, Bianco A, Knight RA, Spiteri MA. Human rhinovirus selectively modulates membranous and soluble forms of its intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) receptor to promote epithelial cell infectivity. J Biol Chem 2003;278:11954-11961.
16. De Laurentiis G, Paris D, Melck D, Montuschi P, Maniscalco M, Bianco A etal. Separating smoking related diseases using NMR based metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate. J Proteome Res 2013;12:1502-1511.
17. Bianco A, Whiteman SC, sethi SK, Allen JT, Knight RA, Spiteri MA. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in nasal epithelial cells of atopic subjects: a mechanism for increased rhinovirus infection?. Clin Exp Immunol 2000;121:339-345.
18. Corsonello A, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pistelli R, Pedone C, Bustacchini S, Lattanzio F. Comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCurr Opin Pulm med 2011;17:S21-S28.
19. Agusti A. Systemic effects of COPD: what we know and what we don’t know (but should). Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007;4:522-525.
20. Bhowmick A, Seemungal TA, sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD Exacerbations. Thorax 2000;55:114-120.
21. Ehling A, Scgaffer A, Herfarth H, Tarner IH, Anders S, Distler O etal. The potential of Adiponectin in driving arthritis. I Immunol 2006;176:4468-4478.
22. Man SF, Connet JE, Anthonisen NR, Wise RA, Tashkin DP, Sin DD. C-reactive protein and mortality in mild to moderate COPD. Thorax 2006;61:849-853.
23. Pinto-Plata VM, Mullerova H, Toso JF etal. C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 2006;61:23-28.
24. Serum and bronchial lavage fluid concentrations of IL-8, SLPI, sCD14 and sICAM-1 in patients with COPD and asthma. Camilla Hollandera, Brigita Sitkauskieneb, Raimundas Sakalauskasb, Ulla Westina, Sabina M. Janciauskiene. Respiratory Medicine (2007) 101, 1947–1953
25. Yamamoto C, Yoneda T, Yoshikawa M, Fu A, Tokuyama T, Tsukaguchi K, et al. Airway inflammation in COPD assessed by sputum levels of interleukin-8. Chest 1997;112(2):505–10.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.75
