References

1.      Shiga T,Wajima Z, Inoue T, Sakamoto A. Predicting difficult          intubation in appar-ently normal patients. Anesthesiology  2005 Aug;103(2):429-37.

2.      Samsoon GL, Young JR. Difficult tracheal intubation: A retrospective study. Anaesthesia 1987 May;42(5):487-90

3.      Wilson ME, Spiegelhalter D, Robertson JA, Lesser P. Predicting     difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 1988 Aug;61 (2): 211-6

4.      Langeron O, Masso E, Huraux C, Guggiari M, Bianchi A, Coriat P, et al. Prediction of difficult mask ventilation. Anesthesiology 2000       May;92(5):1229-36

5.      Cormack RS, Lehane J. Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics. Anaesthesia1984  Nov;39(11):1105-11

6.      Smita Prakash, Amitabh Kumar, Shyam Bhandari, ParulMullick, Rajvir Singh,1 and Anoop Raj Gogia. Difficult larynges-copy and    intubation in the Indian population: An assessment of anatomical and             clinical risk factors. Indian J Anaesth. 2013  Nov-Dec; 57(6): 569–575.

7.      Adnet F, Borron SW, Racine SX, Clemessy JL, Fournier JL, PlaisanceP, et al. The Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS): Proposal and evaluation of a new score characterizing the complexity of endotracheal            intubation. Anesthesiology 1997 Dec;87(6):1290-7

8.      W. H. Kim1, H. J. Ahn1, C. J. Lee1, B. S. Shin1, J. S. Ko1, S. J. Choi1 and S. A. Ryu. Neck circumference to thyromental distance ratio: a new   predictor of difficult intubation in obese patients Br. J. Anaesth. 2011;             May;106(5):743-8

9.      WHO/IASO/ITO. Asia Pacific Perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment   World Health Organization, Western Pacific  Region;2000

10.  Sellick BA. Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia.Lancet1961;2: 404– 618.

11.  Finucane, Brendan T., Tsui, Ban C.H., Santora, Albert. Principles of  Airway  Management,  4^th  ed.  2011, Evaluation of the  airway

12.  Lee A, Fan LT, Gin T, Karmakar MK, NganKee WD. A systemicreview (meta-analysis) of the accuracy of the Mallam patitests to predict the difficult airway. Anesth Analg2006;102: 1867– 78

13.  Juvin P1, Lavaut E, Dupont H, Lefevre P, Demetriou M, Dumoulin JL,      Desmonts JM.  Difficult tracheal intubation is more common in obese   than in lean patients. Anaesthesia analogue 2003; 97:595–600

14.  Ezri T, Gewürtz G, Sessler DI, Medalion B, Szmuk P, Hagberg C, Susmallian S. Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy in Obese Patients by Ultrasound Quantifi-cation of Anterior Neck Soft Tissue. Anae-sthesia 2003 Nov; 58(11): 1111–1114.

15.  Lundstrøm LH1, Møller AM, Rosenstock C, Astrup G, Wetterslev J. High body mass index is a weak predictor for difficult and failed tracheal intubation: a cohort study of 91,332 consecutive patients scheduled for direct laryngoscopy regist-ered in the Danish Anaesthesia Database.

16.  Gonzalez, Hélène MD; Minville, Vincent MD, MSc; Delanoue, Khedija MD; Mazerolles, Michel MD; Concina, Dominique MD; Fourcade, Olivier MD, PhD.The Importance of Increased Neck Circumference to Intubation Difficulties in Obese Patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia: April 2008 - 106 - Issue 4

17.  R.L. Horner, R.H. Mohiaddin, D.G. Lowell, S.A. Shea, E.D. Burman, D.B. longmore, A. Guz Sites and sizes of fat deposits around the pharynx in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and weight matched controls EurResp J, 1989: 613–622

18.  Brodsky JB1, Lemmens HJ, Brock-Utne JG, Vierra M, SaidmanLJ.:           Morbid obesity and tracheal intubation. Anaest-hesia analogue 2002         Mar;94(3):732-6

19.  A.S.Hiremath, D.R.Hillman, A.l.James, W.J. Noffsinger,P.R.Platt. Relation betw-een difficult tracheal intubation and obst-ructive sleep apnea. BJA 1998;80:606-611

20.  L. H. Lundstrøm, M. Vester-Andersen1, A. M. Møller1, S. Charuluxananan3, J. L’Hermite4 and J. Wetterslev. Poor prognostic    value of the modified Mallampati score: a meta-analysis involving 177 088 patients .The Danish Anaesthesia Database

21.  G. Iohom a1c1, M. Ronayne a1 and A. J. Cunningham a1: European           Journal of Anaesthesiology January 2003

22.  Rose DK, Cohen MM. The airway: problems and predictions in 18,500 patients. Can J Anaesth 1994; 41:372-83.

23.  Hyoung-Yong  Moon,  Chong  WhaBaek,  Jin-Seo  Kim,  Gill Hoi  Koo,  Jin-Yun  Kim et al.  The  causes  of difficult  trac-heal  intubation  and  preoperative  assess-ments  in different age groups. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013 April 64(4): 308-314

24.  Dr. Sunanda Gupta1 Dr. Rajesh Sharma KR2 Dr. DimpelJain   :Airway Assessment : Predictors of difficult airway. Indian J. Anaesth. 2005: 49(4): 257-262. 5

25.  McGill  IW. Technique in  endotracheal anaesthesia.  Br  Med J 1930; 2:817.

26.  Schmitt HJ, Kirmse M, Radespiel-Troger M; Ratio of patient’s height to thyromental distance improves prediction of difficult laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2002; 30: 763–5.

27.  P. A. Baker, A. Depuydt and J. M. D. Thompson Thyromental distance measurement – fingers don’t rule .Anaesthesia Volume 64 August 2009 , Issue 8, pages 878–882

28.  Türkan, Selma MD,;Ateş, Yeşim MD,; Cuhruk, Handan MD,; Tekdemir, İbrahimMD.Should We Reevaluate the Variables for Predicting the Difficult Airway in Anesthesiology?. Anesthesia & Analgesia: May 2002 - Volume 94 - Issue 5 :1340-1344.

29.  S. Shailaja, S. M. Nichelle, A. Kishan Shetty, and B. Radhesh Hegde  .Comparing ease of intubation in obese and lean patients using intubation difficulty scale Anesth Essays Res. 2014 May-Aug; 8(2): 168–174.

Corresponding Author

Nadia Rose

Post Graduate Trainee, Thiruvananthapuram Govt. Medical College