Clinico-Haematological Analysis of Pancytopenia in Adults

Title: Clinico-Haematological Analysis of Pancytopenia in Adults

Authors: Dr Deepa Tekwani, DCP, DNB (Pathology), Dr Swapnil Bawa, MD (Pathology), Dr Ram Joshi, MD (Medicine), Dr. Sneha R Joshi, MD (Pathology)

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.115

Abstract

Background: Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. It is a striking feature of many serious and life threatening illnesses. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the management & prognosis. Thus identification of etiology will help for better management of patient.

Objectives

1. To find out the underlying etiopathology of pancytopenia.

2. To study the clinical presentations in pancytopenia due to various causes.

3. To evaluate hematological parameters including bone marrow morphology in pancytopenia.

Methods: This study was a cross sectional study that was conducted at department of Pathology, Dr.Bhausaheb Sardesai Talegaon Rural Hospital from Jan 2010 to June 2014. One hundred pancytopenia patients were evaluated clinically, along with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration.

Results: Among 100 cases studied, maximum number of cases were in the age group of 21-30 years (32%) with a male predominance (64%). Most patients presented with generalized weakness. The commonest physical finding was pallor followed by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Dimorphic anemia (46%) was the predominant blood picture followed by macrocytic anemia. The commonest bone marrow finding was megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (78%), followed by aplastic anemia (12%). Other causes of pancytopenia were hypersplenism, subleukemic leukemia, multiple myeloma and leishmaniasis.

Conclusion: The commonest cause of pancytopenia in our study and studies done in India is megaloblastic anemia. The present study concludes that detailed primary hematological investigation along with bone marrow aspiration in pancytopenic patients helps to determine the cause of pancytopenia, which is important for planning further investigation and management.

Keywords: Bone marrow aspiration, megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia.

References

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Dr Deepa Tekwani

Plot no 237, Santosh Nivas, Near Ganpati Mandir

River Road, Pimpri, Pune-411017

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