Comparative Study of Histology of Placenta in Normotensive and Hypertensive Cases

Title: Comparative Study of Histology of Placenta in Normotensive and Hypertensive Cases

Authors: Susheela Rana, Yogesh Diwan, Randhir S Chauhan, Deepa Diwan, Ankur Gupta

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.60

Abstract

Aim: Placenta is an organ of the vital importance for the continuation of a pregnancy and fetal nutrition. the present study was undertaken to to find out the morbid changes of the placenta of hypertensive mothers in comparison to normotensive mothers.

Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty placentae of hypertensive and normotensive mothers were obtained from the department of obstetrics and gynecology. The placentae were fixed in 10% formalin and sectioned at 1 cm interval keeping the foetal surface intact. Blocks prepared were then stained with haemotoxylin and eosin.

Results: 100 placentae were from normotensive subjects (mean age 25.6±4.0 years) and 50 belonged to hypertensive patients (mean age 25.12±3 years). The infarction was observed in 12% cases of normotensive to 70% cases in severe hypertension. 70% cases in severe hypertension had syncytial knots while 90% had calcification. Stromal fibrosis and hypovascularity also increases with the severity of hypertension and was seen 50% and 30% cases respectively in severe hypertension.

Conclusion: Hypertension during pregnancy induces syncytial knots, calcification, Stromal fibrosis, hypovascularity which compromise utero-placental blood flow and may significantly reduce the neonatal birth weight.

Keywords: Placenta; hypertension; birth weight.

References

1. Nobis P, Das U. Placental morphology in hypertensive pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 40: 166-169.

2. Morgan RP. Immunology of term and preterm labour: Reproductive biol and endocrinol 2003; 1: 122.

3. Errol RN, Danny JS, Susan JF. Implantation and survival of early pregnancy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1400-1408.

4. Van Dijk M, Mulders J, Poutsma A. Maternal segregation of the Dutch preeclampsia locus at 10q22 with a new member of the winged helix gene family. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 514-519.

5. Johnson MP, Fitzpatrick E, Dyer TD. Identification of two novel quantitative trait loci for pre-eclampsia susceptibility on chromosomes 5q and 13q using a variance components-based linkage approach. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13: 61-67.

6. Bewly S, Cooper D, Campbell S. Doppler investigation of uteroplacental blood flow resistance in the second trimester. A screening study for pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation. Br J Obst Gynaecol 1991; 98:871-9.

7. Stock MK, Anderson DF, Phernetton TM, McLaughlin MK, Rankin JH. Vascular response of the maternal placental vasculature. J Dev Physiol 1980; 2: 239-246.

8. Thomson AM, Billewickz, Hytten FE. Placenta in relation to birth weight. J Obstet Gynecol Br CW 1969; 76: 865-872.

9. Derek LJ. Fundamentals of obstetrics and gynaecology. In: Hypertensive disease in pregnancy (Toxaemias of pregnancy). Faber and Faber, London. 4^th Edn. 1982; 17: 227.

10. J Popek EJ, Salfia CM. Placenta in Anderson’s Pathology Vol.II. 10^th Ed. Ivan Domjanov, Mosby, Missourie. 1996; 2310-2353.

11. Browne JCM, Veall N. The maternal blood flow in normotensive and hypertensive women. J Obst Gynaecol of British Empire 1953; 60: 141-147.

12. Damania KR, Salvi VS, Ratnaparki SK, Daftari SN. The placenta in hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Ind 1989; 39: 28-33.

13. Rohini Motwani, Yogesh Sontakke, Meena Goyal. Effects of pregnancy induced hypertension on human placenta. J Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013; 2(33): 6275-6282.

14. Majumdar S, Dasgupta H, Bhattacharya K, Bhattacharya A. A Study of Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies. J Anat society India 2005; 54 (2): 34-38.

15. Zeek PM, Assali NS. Vascular changes in the decidua associated with eclamptogenic toxaemia of pregnancy. Am J Clin Pathol 1950; 20: 1099-1109.

16. Kher AV, Zawar MP. Study of placental pathology in toxemia of pregnancy and its foetal implications. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1981; 24: 245-251.

17. Sodhi S, Mohan H, Jaiswal TS, Mohan PS, Rathee S. Placental pathology in Pre-eclampsia syndrome. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1990; 33 (1):11-16.

18. Heazella AEP, Moll SJ, Jones CJ, Baker PN, Crocker IP. Formation of syncytial knots is increased by hyperoxia, hypoxia and reactive oxygen species. Placenta 2007; 28 (Suppl A): 33-40.

19. Kristina L, Raanan S, Rebecca B. Syncytial knots as a Reflection of Placental Maturity: Reference values for 20 to 40 week gestational age. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 2009; 28: 28-37.

20. Masodkar AR, Kalamkar LR, Patke PS. Histopathology of placenta and its correlation with fetal outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol Ind 1985; 35: 294-297.

21. Narasimha A, Vasudeva DS. Spectrum of changes in placenta in toxemia of pregnancy. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2011; 54: 15-20.

Abstract

References

Corresponding Author

Call For Paper Volume 12 Issue 12 December 2024

JMSCR Menu

Impact Factor SJIF 2024: 7.892

Crossref - DOI

Editorial Policy

Frequency of Publication

Submission of Articles

Search

Abstract

Call For Paper Volume 12 Issue 12 December 2024

JMSCR Menu

Impact Factor SJIF 2024: 7.892

Crossref - DOI

Editorial Policy

Frequency of Publication

Submission of Articles