Title: Qualitative Detection of Some Adulterants in Milk Samples Supplied in the Twin Cities of Secunderabad and Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Karukonda Raju, Shobham, Aishwarya Ramanujam, Sukumaran. M.K
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i8.43
Abstract
This study was conducted keeping in view the ever increasing reports on adulteration of natural milk with various illegal substances to increase the quantity and make more profit. Qualitative analyses for the detection of adulterants in milk samples was carried out with a standard milk adulteration kit manufactured by Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. Among the different milk samples tested none of the samples were positive for cellulose (0%), benzoic acid (0%) and soap (0%). However, majority of these milk samples tested positive for maltodextrin / maltose (30%), proteins (40%), ammonium sulphate (37%), boric acid (33%) vegetable oil (43%) and pond water (nitrate-nitrogen) (50 %) respectively.
Keywords: Milk adulteration; Qualitative analysis of milk, maltodextrin/maltose, proteins, vegetable oil and pond water (Nitrate-Nitrogen).
References
- Afzal, Ali, M.S. Mahmood, Iftikhar Hussain and Masood Akhtar. "Adulteration and Microbiological Quality of Milk (A Review)." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10. 12 (2011): 1195-1202.
- Ali, N., John, A., and Rehman, F., 2005. Corpse preservatives being used in unpacked milk. Daily Times, 4th Dec.
- Ananya Debnath., Somdutta Banerjee., Chandan Rai., & Arindam Roy., 2015. Qualitative Detection of Adulterants in Milk Samples from Kolkata and its Suburban Areas, International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 8, 81-88.
- Ashok Kumar Maurya et.al., 2013. Trends in ambient loads of DDT and HCH residues in animal’s and mother’s milk of Paliakalan Kheeri, Uttar Pradesh-India, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Vol- 3
- Asrat Ayza and Zelalem Yilma., 2014. Patterns of milk and milk products adulteration in Boditti town and its surrounding, South Ethiopia, Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 4(10), pp. 512-516.
- Awan A, Naseer M, Iqbal A, Ali M, Iqbal R, et al. (2014) A study on chemical composition and detection of chemical adulteration in tetra pack milk samples commercially available in Multan. Pak J Pharm Sci 27:183-186.
- Ayub, M., Q. Ahmed, M. Abbas, I. M. Qazi and I. A. Hattak. 2007. Composition and adulteration analysis of milk samples. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 23 (4), 1127-1130.
- Barham GS, Khaskheli M, Soomro AH, Nizamani ZA. 2014. Extent of extraneous water and detection of various adulterants in market milk at Mirpurkhas, Pakistan. J Agric Vet Sci 7(3):83–9.
- BBC NEWS. 22nd April 2004. China ‘fake milk’ scandal deepens. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3648583.stm. Accessed November 11, 2014.
- Beall, DP., Scofield RH., 1995. Milk-alkali syndrome associated with calcium carbonate consumption. Reports of seven patients with parathyroid hormone levels and an estimate of prevalence among patients hospitalized with hypocalcaemia. Medicine 74: 89-96.
- Campos Motta TM, Hoff RB, Barreto F, Andrade RBS, Lorenzini DM, Meneghini LZ, Pizzolato TM (2014) Detection and confirmation of milk adulteration with cheese whey using proteomic-like sample preparation and liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 120:498–505.
- Centre for Science and Environment (online) 2006. FSSAI Watch, Available from www.cseindia.org/category/thesarus/national-survey-milk-adulteration, 2011.
- Destaillats, F., de Wispelaere, M., Joffre, F., Golay, P.A., Hug, B., Giuffrida, F., Fauconnot, L., and Dionisi, F., 2006. Chromatogr. A 1131, 227.
- Dziuba, J., Nalecz, D., Piotr Minkiewicz, B. D., and Bartlomiej., 2004. Chim. Acta 521, 17.
- Eman, M. S., Abd-alla, A. A., and Elaref, M. Y., 2015. Detection of raw buffalo's milk adulteration in Sohag governorate, Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 61(144), 38-45.
- 2013. Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p 1–376. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3396e/i3396e.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2014.
- Fourie, C. J., der Westhuyzen, P. J. V., and Niekerk, P. C. V., 2007. Proceedings of the AFRICON, Windhoek Namibia, p. 1.
- Geeta Kumari Wasupalli, SaiKiran C, SurjitKaur., 2015. Detection of Adulterants and Mastitis in Milk Samples and Major Milk Fatty Acid Composition Estimation using Gas Chromatography, International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Scientific Research Volume 1 Issue 1.
- Gwin, MC., Lienert, G., Kennedy, J., 2009. Formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children. A systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 118: 313-317.
- Haasnoot, W., N. G. Smits, A.E.K. Voncken and M. G. Bremer. 2004. Fast biosensor immunoassays for the detection of cows’ milk in the milk of ewes and goats. Journal of Dairy Research, (71), 322-329.
- Harding, F., (ed.), Adulteration of Milk, Chapmann and Hall, New York (1999).
- http://dairy-technology.blogspot.in/2014/11/neutralizers.html
- Kandpal, S.D., A.K. Srivastava and K.S. Negi. "Estimation of quality of raw milk (open & branded) by milk adulteration testing kit."Indian Journal of Community Health, 24. 3 (2012): 188-192.
- Jivraj Makadiya and Astha Pandey., 2015. Quality Assessment and Detection of Adulteration in Buffalo Milk Collected From Different Areas of Gandhinagar by Physico-Chemical Method, International Journal of PharmTech Research, Vol.8, No.4, pp 602-607,
- Kasemsumran, S., Thanapase, W., and Kiatsoonthon, A., 2007. Sci.23, 907.
- Li, Z., L.L. Wu, Y. P. Wang, A. M Liu, C. C Zou, and Z. Y. Zhao. 2009. Melamine contaminated milk products induced urinary tract calculi in children. World Journal of Pediatrics, 5 (1): 31-35.
- Lopez-Tapia, J., Garcia-Risco, M. R., Manso, M. A., and Lopez- Fandino, R., 1999. Chromatogr. A 836, 153.
- Methods for Detection of Common Adulterants in Milk and Milk Products, Technews Issue National Dairy Development Board, 83 (November-December 2009)
- Mota, F. J., Implvo, M, F., Cunha, S. C., Beatriz M., and Oliveira. P. P., 2003. Optimization of extraction procedures for analysis of benzoic and sorbic acids in foodstuffs. Food Chemistry
- Mudgil, D., Barak, S., 2013. Synthetic milk: a threat to Indian dairy industry. Carpathian J Food Sci Technol 5(1–2):64–8.
- Mustafa MI, Khan BB, Abdullah M, Khan LA (1991), Chemical and hygienic quality of milk supplied to canteens of various educational institutions in Faisalabad city. Pak J Agri Sci 28: 9-12.
- Naandi Foundation. 2011. The HUNGaMA (Hunger and Malnutrition) Survey Report 2011. Available from: http://www.theaahm.org/fileadmin/
- Nida Shaikh, Asadullah Marri, Barkatullah Qureshi, Mubeena Pathan, Velo Suthar, Naeem Ahmed Qureshi, Bhai Khan Solangi, Veena Kumari., 2016. Extent of Formalin and Cane Sugar Adulteration and its Impact on Physicochemical Attributes of Milk Sold at Hyderabad and its Outskirts, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR); Volume 5 Issue 4.
- Qi, P., Hong, H., Liang, X., Liu, D., 2009. Assessment of benzoic acid levels in milk in China. Food Control 20(4):414–8.
- Rajesh Pavan, A., Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Sreekeerthi, P., Jyoshna, P., Alekhya, M., and Arun Kumar, T., 2016. A comparative study on the physicochemical properties, composition and extent of adulterants present in raw milk IJPNM, 4(1): 10–14.
- Rideout, T. C., Q. Liu, P. Wood and M. Z. Fan. 2008. Nutrient utilization and intestinal fermentation are differentially affected by the consumption of resistant starch varieties and conventional fibers in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition, (99), 984-92.
- Ruqyia Shehzadi1 Tang Yu-Qing2 Muhammad Ifnan Khan., 2016.Composition and Adulteration Analysis of Milk Samples from Ten Different Towns of Lahore, Food Science and Quality Management, Vol.47.
- Saad, B., M. F. Bari, M. I. Saleh, K. Ahmad and M. K. M. Talib. 2005. Simultaneous determination of preservatives in food stuffs using HPLC. Journal of Chromatography Analysis, (1073), 2005, 393.
- See, A. S., A. B. Salleh, F. A. Bakar, N. A. Yusof, A. S. Abdulamir and L.Y. Heng. 2010. Risk and health effect of boric acid. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 620-627.
- Singh P, Gandhi N. 2015. Milk preservatives and adulterants: processing, regulatory and safety issues. Food Rev Intl 31(3):236–61.
- Singh, J., Roy, B., Dayal, G., Sunsunwal, S., Yadav, B., Bhardwaj, C., and Teotia, A., Detection of common adulterants in milk from Delhi and NCR, DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation.
- Singuluri H, Sukumaran MK (2014) Milk adulteration in Hyderabad, India—a comparative study on the levels of different adulterants present in milk. J Chromatogr Separat Tech 5:1–3.
- Soomro AA, Khaskheli M, Memon MA, Barham GS, Haq IU, Fazlani SN, Khan IA, Lochi GM, Soomro RN. 2014. Study on adulteration and composition of milk sold at Badin. Intl J Res Appl Nat Social Sci 2(9):57–70.
- Tay M, Fang G, Chia PL, Li SFY. 2013. Rapid screening for detection and differentiation of detergent powder adulteration in infant milk formula by LC–MS. Forensic Sci Intl 232(1–3): 32–9.
- Yu, H., Wang, J., and Xu, Y., 2007. Sensors and Materials 19, 275.
