Abstract

Ebola viruses are one of the most deadliest group of viruses known to mankind. With case fatality rate of more than 90% it’s among 30 viruses which causes viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. Endemic among sub African region, this local terrorist infection plans to become global threat. India being the major player in Afro-Asian economies, there is exchange of human resources which increases the probability of getting infected and spread of infection. Therefore it is essential for us to be prepared, after all forewarned is forearmed.

We are writing this article to sensitize the healthcare workers from ward boys to specialist consultants about Ebola virus and to incorporate history of travel in our medical notes very effectively and refer the Ebola suspected patients to specialized units to prevent a catastrophic outcome in India!!!

Keywords: The Ebola outbreak 2014, DIC, multisystem failure

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Inder Maurya

MD

Senior Resident

Department of Emergency Medicine

Padmashree. Dr. DY Patil Medical College

Nerul , Navi Mumbai 400706

Maharashtra India

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Abstract

The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography in the evaluation of meningitis in correlation with clinical and laboratory findings, to know the value of CT in determining the complications of meningitis and to differentiate between tubercular and pyogenic meningitis.

Keywords: Meningitis, computed tomography, Hydrocephalus, pyogenic meningitis, tubercular meningitis.

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Corresponding Author

Dr. B. E. Panil Kumar

Associate Professor

Department of Radio‑Diagnosis,

Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital,

NH 18 , Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India.518501

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Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, etiological factors and treatment outcomes of the patients suffering from puberty menorrhagia. 

Methods: 30 patients with puberty menorrhagia attending the outpatient as well as indoor department of Delta Medical college and Hospital, Dhaka, during the period from February, 2005 to July, 2006 were included in the study. They were prospectively analyzed to assess the aetiological factors and the outcome of treatment required to manage these cases. 

Results:  The incidence of puberty menorrhagia was 9.6% in our study. 48%s patient’s age were between 14-16 years, 56.6% had anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). 23% had hematological PCOD, Hypothyroidism 10%. Out of 30 patients 26.6% were relieved with tranexamic acid, 63% required hormone treatment and 10% received blood transfusion.

Conclusion: Anovulatory DUB is the cause of menorrhagia in most of the cases .Medical treatment is mostly effective while surgical procedures are limited to few specific cases. 

Key Words: Puberty menoorhagia, Anovulation, Hematological disease

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Ummul Nusrat Zahan

FCPS (Obs-Gynae)

Assistant Professor in Obs-Gynae Dept

Delta Medical College & Hospital

Dhaka,Bangladesh.

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of histopathologically diagnosed ovarian tumour with special reference to sex cord stromal tumours cases attending a tertiary level medical facility based hospital in Guwahati. Total of 102 cases of ovarian tumours were studied. Abdominal mass was the most predominant clinical presentation. The cases were investigated and surgically treated.  The formalin fixed specimens (simple oophorectomy or hysterectomy with unilateral /bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) were examined grossly ,processed routinely and the sections were stained with H& E stain and special stain-Periodic Acid Schiff was done wherever indicated. The  microscopic  findings were noted and interpreted according to WHO classification. Surface epithelial tumour was the commonest tumour according to the histogenesis. Among the  malignant surface epithelial tumours,the incidence of mucinous cystadencarcinoma was 6.86% and serous cystadenocarcinoma was 2.94% .  Serous cystadenoma was the commonest tumour in  benign category. In germ cell tumour category, benign cystic teratomas constituted  highest numbers  (26.47%), followed by dysgerminoma(1.96%). Six cases of sex cord stromal tumour (4 cases of granulose cell tumour & 2 cases of Sertoli Leydig cell tumour)  and 2 cases of kruckenberg tumour were also detected in the study. Sex Cord Stromal tumours comprises of approximately 5% of all ovarian neoplasm.

Key Words: Surface epithelial tumour,Granulosa cell tumour, Sertoli leydig cell tumour,Yolk sac tumour, kruckenberg tumour

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Correction Author

Dr. Ivy Sharma

Assistant Professor

Pathology Department, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati

INDIA

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Abstract

Introduction: Since hypertension is a symptomless disease and little is known about it among younger population. So in this qualitative study, we examine knowledge, attitude and practices about hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults.

Methods: Three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted one in rural and two in urban area of Varanasi.

Results: show that all the respondents were holding approximately the same level of awareness on causative and symptomatic factors of hypertension. Perception of the respondents about severity and complications of hypertension were almost same except medical graduates as they were more specific. It was observed that very few medical graduates (8.8%) are practicing some form of exercise to keep themselves healthy. However, none of the respondents from other two groups was taking any preventive measures.

Conclusion:  Planned promotional activities are the need of the hour so as to promote the concept of fitness and its relation to life style modification.

Key words: DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet, FGD (focus group discussion), Hypertension, Life style practices, Myths. 

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Mona Srivastava 

(MD), Associate Professor

Department of Psychiatry

Institute of Medical Sciences ,Banaras Hindu University

Varanasi (UP) India  221005

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Abstract

Ankyloglossia or tongue tie is a term that actually refers to a condition where the tongue remains more anchored to the bottom of the mouth than it should be, restricting its movement. Tongue besides being one of the strongest muscular organs of the body is also associated with important functions like mastication, hygiene and taste. Though these functions are discussed in details in the literature, its psychosocial role has been rarely discussed. This article in the form of a clinical case report discusses the psychosocial impact of the condition in an adult subject and the significance of knowing social history in such patients.

Keywords - phonetics, emotional stress, denture stability, breast feeding, partial edentulism, oral play

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Corresponding Author

Dr Khurshid A Mattoo

Assistant Professor, College of Dental Sciences, Gizan University

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Abstract

Chronic groin pain affects about a third of patients undergoing Lichtenstein’s repair of inguinal hernia. This is a frequently under-stated list of complication of this common technique for repair of inguinal hernia. In view of its associated distress to the patient affecting their quality of life after surgery and having reviewed literature I decided to find out the incidence of this complication and its effect on quality of life affecting patients undergoing Lichtenstein’s repair of Inguinal hernia at our institute.

30 patients were followed up to three months after surgery to find out the incidence of groin pain and quality of life. 40% of patients had occasional-mild groin pain and one patient had moderate to severe pain prompting him to seek numerous consultations for the same.Its affect on quality of life was also assessed and is given in this paper.

Keywords-Chronic groin pain, Inguinal hernia, Lichtenstein’s repair, open inguinal hernia repair

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Corresponding Author

Rajesh G Chandnani

Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Shahara Darwaja,

Umarwada, Surat, Gujarat state

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Abstract

India has a growing number of visually disabled people amongst its workforce and population. The Government of India has developed national, regional and district level programs and support centers to provide services to effectively meet their requirements for aids and appliances, education, training, employment and other suitable rehabilitation services. But all these laws which have been put in place for the benefit of differently abled persons need revision from time to time, so that they can be brought up to date with respect to the changing needs of the disabled people. Visually disabled people now have opportunities to actively seek jobs, housing, travel and prospects to live a normal life alongside the mainstream population. It is thus becoming imperative on the government to allow them special privileges, in order to safeguard their rights and provide them equal opportunities with the rest of the population, while avoiding discrimination of any kind at the same time. These laws should be reviewed in context of benefits being given to the disabled people worldwide and revised from time to time so as to give equal benefits to differently abled population in India and allow them to live a life of dignity and self-reliance. This article reviews some most important laws and regulations of the world for protection of disabled-rights and compare them with the existing Indian laws in an attempt to find the lacunae and scopes of amendment.

Key Words-Blind, laws, Rights, Legal aid, visually Impaired

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Corresponding Author

Parul Singh

Assistant Professor

Department of Ophthalmology,

Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical

Science and Research Institute, Srinagar Garhwal

Uttarakhand, India

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Abstract

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intra-ocular malignancy of childhood and infancy with worldwide incidence of approximately 1 in 18,000 live births. Retinoblastoma is a highly malignant tumor that arises from an accumulation of proliferating embryonic retinal cells. Early diagnosis and treatment of the tumor is essential for child’s survival and salvaging of eye to give useful vision. It is important for the treating doctor to give correct and adequate genetic counseling to the parents of child about chances of their second child being affected by retinoblastoma, and chance of the tumor being inherited in further generations.

Keywords - Ocular Tumour, Chemotherapy, Enucleation, Brachytherapy

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Corresponding Author

Parul Singh

Assistant Professor

Department of Ophthalmology,

Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical

Science and Research Institute, Srinagar Garhwal

Uttarakhand, India

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal Stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors accounting for < 1% of the primary gastrointestinal tumors. Primary GIST of mesentery is extremely rare. We report a case of primary GIST arising from the mesentery of small intestine, in a 40-year-male who presented with a large abdominal mass. Contast-enhanced computed tomography of patient’s abdomen showed presence of a well-defined heterogeneous mesenteric mass. On laparotomy, the mass was seen arising from the mesentery. Complete surgical resection of the mass was then done. Histopathological and immunohistochemical features of the mesenteric mass were consistent with GIST. This case emphasizes that; GIST can occur as primary tumor at unusual sites such as mesentery and pose diagnostic challenge. Therefore, it should always be considered in differential diagnosis of mesenteric tumors as pre-operative diagnosis based on clinical and radiological findings is difficult. The diagnosis should be concluded by appropriate histopathological and immunohistochemical work-up to distinguish it from other closely simulating tumors of mesentery.

Keywords- Abdominal, Gastrointestinal, Mesentry, Stromal, CD-117

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Jai Kumar Chaurasia

Department of Pathology

JNMC, AMU, Aligarh, U.P.-202002, India

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Abstract

Acorus calamus (Araceae) is a plant widely used as food and medicine worldwide but isolation of principle active compound from hydroalcoholic extract and antistress activity compound is not reported. Dried and powder rhizome of Acorus calamus (Araceae) was used to isolate the chemical constituent using phase column chromatography and TLC purification. Structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Elevated plus maze (EPM) model and forced swimming test (FST) were performed to assess antistress activity on albino mice. (Doses of the isolated chemical constituents: 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg orally) The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Acorus calamus (Araceae) was successively partitioned with n-hexane-EtOAc. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic analysis. The results of elevated plus maze (EPM) model and forced swimming test (FST) revealed that isolated compound having antistress activity. This is the first report of antistress activity of β-Asarone and isolation by column chromatography separation, and TLC purification. The result also revealed that β-Asarone is a potent compound for the treatment of neurobiological disorder (stress). This compound may account for the use of Acorus calamus in folk medicine to treat the stress.

Keywords: Spectroscopic authentication, Elevated plus maze, Forced swimming test, Anti- stress therapeutics, Neurobiological disorder

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Corresponding Author

Neha Tiwari

Asst. Professor

A.N.D College of Pharmacy Babhnan, Gonda

Uttar Pradesh, India

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Abstract

Extra skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is an uncommon tumour belonging to the Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumours. The biological behaviour of the tumour is different from the osseous Ewing’s sarcoma. Relevant articles on the topic from PubMed were identified and reviewed.  A brief review of the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management is presented.

Key Words:  Extra skeletal Ewing’s Sarcoma

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Ketan Vagholkar

MS, DNB, MRCS (Eng & Glasg), FACS,

Professor, Department of Surgery

Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai 400706, MS, India

Annapurna Niwas, 229 Ghantali Road. Thane 400602. MS. India

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Abstract

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a kind of hyperchloremic anion gap acidosis which occurs due to defect in urine acidification.

We report an early unusual clinical presentation of Distal Renal Tubular acidosis with Nephrocalcinosis in a four months old male child, who presented with Rickets.

Keywords:  Renal Tubular Acidosis, Nephrocalcinosis,  Rickets.

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Vijay Baburao Sonawane

Assistant Professor in Department of Pediatrics,

Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai

Adress- A/202/Shreeram Arcade, Plot

No-30/31/32,Sector-20,Kamothe,Navi Mumbai

Maharashtra, India

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Abstract

Oestrus ovis is the most common cause of human Ophthalmomyiasis. In this study, we present a case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis in a 10 year old rural boy following a fly hit on the right eye. Careful examination, accurate diagnosis and promt removal of larvae with fine forceps is necessary to prevent complications.

Keywords: External Ophthalmomyiasis, Myiasis, Oestrus ovis, sheep botfly. 

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Corresponding Author

Dr Sowmya G. Shivappa

Department of Microbiology

JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore

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Abstract

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common orthopedic complaint frequently seen in physiotherapy practice. Most of these patients can be successfully treated once the contributing factors are accurately identified. Malalignment of the lower extremity particularly the excessive quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and femoral anteversion angle have been implicated as contributing factors of PFPS.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Q-angle and femoral anteversion angle in patients with PFPS.

Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients (twenty one females and nine males) suffering from PFPS had participated in this study with mean age, weight, and height 23.87(±6.03) years, 71.83(±16.3) kg, and (165.09) ±5.84 cm respectively. Q-angle and femoral anteversion angles were objectively measured using standard goniometer.

Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the Q-angle and femoral anteversion angle in patients with PFPS (r=0.7, p=0.0001).

Conclusion: This study proved that the patients with PFPS require precise physical examination for accurate rehabilitation. In addition, the finding implies that the increase in the Q-angle will lead to an increase in the femoral anteversion angle and vice versa.Consequently, this may help physiotherapists to understand that the factors which increase the Q-angle will increase the femoral anteversion angle and vice versa. In turn, these factors should be considered carefully in designing the rehabilitation programs for such cases.

Keywords: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Risk Factors, Q-Angle, Femoral Anteversion Angle.

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Corresponding Author

Hamada A. Hamada

Assistant Lecturer of Biomechanics

Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University

Email: rabiaallah97@yahoo

Abstract

Advances in science and technology over the last century have greatly expanded our knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease is an infectious disease. However, environmental, physical, social and host stresses may affect and modify disease expression. It is clear that certain systemic conditions may affect the initiations and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis.

Evidence emerging in the last decade has shed light on the converse side of the relationship between systemic health and oral health. That is, the potential effect of periodontal disease on a wide range of organ systems.Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the interaction between periodontal disease and respiratory disease. Respiratory diseases are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in human populations. Lower respiratory infections were the third commonest cause of mortality worldwide in 1990 (Causing 4.3 million death), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the sixth leading cause of mortality (2.2 million deaths). COPD was the fourth leading cause of death in the United States in 1996 claming 100,000 lives, while pneumonia and influenza together caused almost 84,000 deaths. Oral periodontopathic bacteria can be aspirated into the lung to cause aspiration pneumonia. The teeth may also serve as a reservoir for respiratory pathogen colonization and subsequent nosocomial pneumonia. Typical respiratory pathogens have been shown to colonize the dental plaque of hospitalized intensive care and nursing home patients.

The following review discusses the pathophysiology of association of periodontitis and respiratory diseases.

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Richa Patel

Post Graduate Student,

Department Of Periodontics,Rural Dental College, Loni

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Abstract

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign mixed salivary gland neoplasm that accounts for 60% of all benign salivary gland tumors.  Pleomorphic adenomas are benign tumors of the salivary glands and are usually seen in major salivary glands, whereas are rare in minor salivary glands. Here We report the case of a 36-year-old female who presented with a painless slow growing swelling of palate over the last 2 years. The entire mass was excised along with overlying mucosa. Histopathological examination confirmed diagnosis of PA of minor salivary gland.

Keywords: Pleomorphic Adenoma, Soft Palate, Salivary Gland.

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Siva Ranjan.D

Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology

Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences

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Abstract

Background and objectives: Primary or essential hypertension (PHTN ) is the most prevalent form of hypertension accounting 90 % of all cases of hypertension ^. Evidence suggests that  Nitic oxide (NO) plays a major role in regulating blood pressure and that impaired NO bioactivity is an important component of hypertension. Hence this study is taken up to estimate nitrate levels in Primary Hypertension patients compared with healthy individuals.

Methodology: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur and District Hospital, Bijapur.  Thirty five (35) Primary Hypertension Patients (17 male, 18 female) between 35 to 65 yrs age and Thirty nine (39) healthy individuals, controls (20 male, 19 female) between 38 yrs to 65 yrs age visiting Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur and District Hospital Bijapur were selected. Serum Nitrate was estimated by GRIESS METHOD . Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA

Results: Statistically significant variations were found in parameters like age, Ht, Wt, BSA, BMI, PR, SBP, DBP, Serum Nitrate levels in controls and Primary Hypertension patients.

Interpretation and conclusion: In the present study the mean ± SEM of Serum Nitrate in controls was found to be 49.93 ± 1.01 μ mol / lt, and primary hypertension  patients was 33.6 ± 0.02 μ mol / lt. .  It was found Serum Nitrate levels of  PHTN  patients were lower when compared with the controls, these difference were found to be statistically significant ( t =12.165, p= 0.0000 ) .  Hypertension can produce direct toxic effect on human endothelium; impairment of the release of NO from vascular endothelial cells may thus contribute to the reduced plasma nitrogen oxide concentrations in patients with essential hypertension. . Increased production of superoxide anions, which rapidly deactivate NO, is a characteristic feature of experimental models of hypertension, and plasma indexes of lipid peroxidation are increased in patients with hypertension.

Keywords: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Primary Hypertension, Nitric oxide

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Dr. ZAHEERA SULTANA S                                              

M.D Assistant Professor,     

Department of Physiology,

Chamrajnagar Institute of Medical sciences, Chamrajnagar

Karnataka , India

Reduced Serum Nitrate In Individuals With Primary Hypertension

Abstract

Animal related injuries are frequently reported in countries where bulls are used for sporting events as well as in places where farming and live stock rearing is practiced. In rural areas of India it is commonly seen in “Karahunnime” similar to Jallikattu event of taming bulls. Injuries, minor to fatal are caused by bull gores. The mechanics of bull goring are unique and often misleading and thence, they deserve reporting. Hence we are reporting an unusual case with a bull gore injury, who presented with haemothorax and multiple goring injuries.

Key words: Bull gore, Animal injuries, Haemothorax

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Corresponding Author

Dr Vijay N.M

Postgraduate

Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur

# 02, RIMS boy’s hostel,

Hyderabad road, Raichur-584102

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Abstract

Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms which provide health benefits by adding "good" microbes to fight against "bad" microbes. When effective, the good microbes reduce the bacterial threat of the bad microbes associated with caries, periodontal diseases and halitosis. Probiotics can benefit dental patients who have comorbidities such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or high cholesterol etc. This article reviews the role of probiotics for management of periodontal diseases and explores its potential effectiveness as a novel treatment strategy.

Key-words: Probiotics, Periodontal Disease, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Tushar Bhople

Rural Dental College, PIMS, Loni

India.

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Abstract

Mycetoma is a chronic supportive granulomatous disorder of subcutaneous tissues characterized by localized swellings with multiple sinus tracts discharging granules. It is a chronic infection, frequently seen in tropical and sub-tropical countries and is considered as an occupational disease. An accurate diagnosis is generally obtained by clinical and histological examination. We report a case of actinomycotic mycetoma of the hand for its rarity.

Keywords-Actinomycosis, Wrist joint, Biopsy

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Corresponding Author

Meera Balakrishnan

Assistant Professor in Pathology,

Sree Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital & Research Institute,

Chikkarayapuram

Mangadu, Chennai-600069

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Abstract

Maternal health has a profound influence on the intrauterine growth of the foetus. Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as a condition of low circulating haemoglobin in which the haemoglobin concentration has fallen below a threshold lying at two standard deviations below the median of a healthy population of the same age, sex and stage of pregnancy. Anaemia is the commonest medical disorder in pregnancy which has been shown to be associated with a two-fold risk for preterm delivery and a three-fold risk for low birth-weight as well as maternal mortality.  The present study conducted on 400 cases of women attending labour room of S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack (Orissa), to analyse distribution of maternal anaemia with respect to gestational age showed maximum cases of maternal anaemia between 37 – 40 wks of gestational age and also indicated that as gestational age increases the prevalence of anaemia is decreasing in this study.

Key words: Maternal anaemia, distribution, gestational age.

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Rajeshwari. K.

Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamarajanagara District,

Karnataka, India

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Abstract

From the past few years, people are becoming more health conscious and demanding the food having high nutritional value. In this regard, the demand for flaxseed in food and beverages, functional foods and functional attributes of many traditional foods are being explored. Flax continues to surge forward in its recognition as a functional food and has recently gained attention in the area of disease prevention primarily because it is the richest known source of various functional food components such as alpha-linolenic acid, lignans, as well as being a good source of fiber. Traditionally, flaxseed was grown for its oil bearing seed and for its fiber. But with rapidly changing global health scenario and awareness regarding the ill effects overmedication, plant based products have gained the attention. The demand of consumers has increased for the new food products with taste, safety, convenience and nutrition. Nutrition has emerged an added dimension in the chain of food product development. Flaxseeds due to presence of various bioactive compounds have been considered as complete medicinal food and found to be preventive against various metabolic disorders. Flaxseed contains various functional components which have positive effects in disease prevention. Recent studies have shown that the flaxseed in its whole or in its flour form can be incorporated in various recipes and can be developed in form of bakery and other products. Although scientific evidence supports flaxseed consumption but many people are still unaware of the benefits provided by flaxseed and its therapeutic role in prevention of disorders. This review highlights the functional food components present in flaxseed and its therapeutic role in prevention of various disorders.

Keywords: Flaxseed, functional food, lignans, fiber, metabolic disorders

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Corresponding Author

Pooja Verma

Research Scholar

Department of Human Development & Family Studies

School for Home Sciences,

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University), Vidya Vihar

Raebareli Road,  Lucknow-226025 India

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Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea [OSA] is now well recognised as an independent risk factor for Hypertension. Still there is a paucity of research in identifying the predictors of Hypertension in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. This study is undertaken in this context to look into the clinical profile of hypertensive patients with OSA and to see how it differed from normotensive patients with OSA.

Materials and methods: A total of 85 subjects were included in the study. Symptoms suggestive of OSA were sought in a structured interview. They were asked to fill up the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaire in the presence of their partner. Patients were grouped as Hypertensive if they are diagnosed Hypertension based on blood pressure or if they are currently taking antihypertensive medications. The patients who did not belong to the above category were grouped as Normotensives. A complete physical examination and anthropometry followed by overnight polysomnography (OPS) were done in all patients. Apnea-Hypopnea index of >15 is taken as clinically significant suggestive of moderate to severe OSA. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistical software.

Results: Average age of hypertensive patients with OSA was at a higher level than that of normotensive patients with OSA.

There was a high proportion of hypertension in patients with clinically significant OSA [AHI>15] compared to those with mild OSA or primary snoring.

Conclusions: We may conclude that OSA patients with AHI > 15 have 2.85 times risk of hypertension when compared to patients with mild OSA. Also age is the most meaningful factor in predicting the development of hypertension in these patients with moderate to severe OSA.

Keywords: Sleep-related breathing disorders, Obstructive sleep apnea, Hypertension, Epworth sleepiness score, Apnea-Hypopnea index, Desaturation index, Snore index.

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Corresponding Author

Dr Sethu Babu

Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine

Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences

Thiruvalla, Kerala, India

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Abstract

Study Objective: Comparison of Efficacy of Myofascial Release And Positional Release Therapy In Tension Type Headache.

Design: Comparative study. Setting: All the subjects were included from various clinics, hospitals and community in dehradun.

Method: Total of 28 subjects was recruited for study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria after signing the informed consent form. Subjects were divided into two groups (A= MFR and B= PRT),

Outcome Measures: Visual analog scale (VAS), Headache disability index(HDI).

Result: Result of the study shows that although positional release therapy were significantly effective but MFR was found to be more effective than the PRT in reducing pain and disability in patient  with tension type headache.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that both the technique is effective in improving the pain and disability in subjects with TTH. The study highlights that myofascial release technique is better choice of treatment in improving pain and disability in subjects with sub occipital muscle trigger point in tension type headache.

Keywords: Myofascial release therapy (MFR), Positional release therapy (PRT), Tension type headache(TTH), Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Headache disability index (HDI)..

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Corresponding Author

Kaul.Bhumika

MPT (Musculoskeletal Disorders)

Student Researcher- Department of Physiotherapy Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical &Natural Sciences,

Manduwala, Dehradun, 248007

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Abstract

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare aggressive malignancy. It is a rapidly advancing lesion which, if not recognised and treated early, results in high morbidity and mortality. Despite radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, prognosis of this cancer continues to be poor. Careful clinical and histological examination is mandatory to differentiate this tumour from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and other primary malignancies of the parotid. The authors hereby report the case of a 55-year-old female patient who presented with a progressively increasing, painless mass in parotid region of 3months duration. A histopathological examination confirmed that the tumour was squamous cell carcinoma. As no other primary source could be demonstrated in the patient, a final diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of parotid was made. Currently the patient is on regular follow-up without any signs of recurrence.

Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, parotid tumors

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Corresponding Author

Summyia Farooq

Senior Resident Dept. of Pathology GMC Srinagar

India

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Abstract

Aims & Objective- To evaluate the efficacy of   of 17 alpha hyroxyprogesterone caproate after acute tocolysis  with nifedipine  in preventing preterm delivery.

Material & Methods- It was a prospective clinical trial that was carried out on 100 pregnant females between 28- 34 weeks of gestation diagnosed with preterm labor pains all patients in pretrm labor were given nifedipine for acute tocolysis and antenatal corticosteroid was given to all patient for lung maturity. After tocolysis undelivered  patients were randomly allocated  to progesterone(n=50) and control group(n=50).Patients in Progesterone were given 17 alpha hyroxyprogesterone caproate, 250 mg, weekly and continued till 36 weeks of gestation or delivery, which ever occurred earlier. Control group were given nifedipine as a maintenance tocolysis  as and when required. Results were analysed in terms of gestational age at delivery and neonatal outcome in both groups.

Results-Mean gestational age at delivery was 35.2±2.3 weeks   in progesterone group and 35.4±2.6 weeks in control group. It was statistically similar in two groups. Neonatal outcome was also found to be statistically similar in both groups.

Key words- preterm labor, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate(17OHPC), nifedipine

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Asma Nigar

Assistant Professor

Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,

Dasauli, Kursi Road Lucknow.-226026

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Abstract

Introduction - Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm derived from hair follicle matrix cells, is seen commonly in head and neck. Occurrence of pilomatrixoma in the upper extremities is not common and has been reported infrequently in the available literature. 

Case Report - We present the case of an eighteen year-old girl underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a firm subcutaneous nodule on the lateral aspect of right arm. FNA smears shows clusters as well as dispersed population of round to oval cells along with few multinucleated giant cells. Few ghost cells were seen. A cytologic impression of pilomatrixoma was rendered, which was confirmed on histopathology. 
Conclusion - Pilomatrixoma should be considered in the cytologic differential diagnoses of subcutaneous masses even in unusual locations like arm.

Key words – Pilomatrixoma, benign, FNA

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Dr. Vinny Gupta

Senior Resident

Department of Pathology

Govt Medical College, Kota (Rajasthan)

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Abstract

The consequences of birth asphyxia in infants range from death to various degree of neuro developmental sensory and motor deficits. The prognosis of infants who survive apparent still birth or birth asphyxia is difficult to judge from few reports. BERA is useful in determining hearing threshold in difficult and uncooperative patients. Hearing is the means by which the newborn comes into contact with the world of sound and with language. The first three years of life are the most important period for speech and language acquisition. Reduced hearing acuity of any severity in infancy or early childhood may prevent the child from receiving adequate auditory, linguistic and social stimulation required for speech and language development. Several risk factors associated with hearing loss during early infancy have been described by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing which includes hereditary cause, inutero infection, prematurity, asphyxia, hyper bilirubinemia and ototoxic medications.

Objectives: To assess the degree of hearing impairment in infants with birth asphyxia by using BERA.

Methods: 37 high risk infants having one or more risk factors attending Pediatric OPD of Bapuji hospital and Chigateri General Hospital and 30 age matched controls satisfying the inclusion criteria were randomly selected from immunization centre were subjected to BERA. Parameters such as absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V, Inter peak latencies I-III, I-V and III-V were assessed and analyzed by using unpaired t-test.

Results: The infants with birth asphyxia had increased wave V threshold when compared to the control group. Absolute latencies of wave V was prolonged in the cases. The incidence of hearing impairment was 60 % in the birth asphyxia infants.

Key words: Birth Asphyxia infants, Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA), hearing impairment, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

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Dr. Lakshmi T

Assistant professor of Physiology

Chamrajnagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamarajanagar- 571313

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Abstract

Selecting cement for restorations, especially cast post core crown is a subject which every dental student should be thorough with. More than knowledge about the cements, it is important to apply this basic science into the clinical findings of an individual patient so that the restoration fulfils all the objectives of the treatment planned without compromising the fundamental principles. With so many cements available presently, especially with overwhelming claims of the manufacturers, it becomes imperative to overview the requirements of a cast post core restoration. This clinical report of the restoration of a maxillary left central incisor discusses the factors that every dental student n should overview before selecting cement for such purpose.

Keywords: - dowel, endodontic treatment, cast restoration, ferrule

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Dr Khurshid A Mattoo

Assistant Professor

College of Dental Sciences, Gizan University

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Abstract

Primary extrahepatic hydatid cysts area very rare presentation, Splenic hydatid cysts are usually secondary to either intra-operative spillage of daughter cysts or post operative hydatitosis. Primary splenic hydatid cysts constitutes 2% to 3.5% of all hydatid cysts. The most common site of disease is the liver, followed by the lungs, kidney, bones and brain. Other sites such as the heart, spleen, pancreas and muscles are very rarely involved. We are reporting a case of a primary isolated splenic hydatid  cyst.

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Dr Rajkamal Kanojiya

Assistant  Professor

Department of Surgery, PG Resident Department of General Surgery

Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital

Sitapura Jaipur (Rajasthan) India 302022

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Abstract

The prolonged intake of water containing excess fluoride may results in the medical condition known as fluorosis. Fluorosis affects multiple organs and systems of the body and results in various clinical manifestations starting from damaged and discoloured teeth.  A cross sectional intervention study was carried out during the period of   1997 to 2003 in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. The main objective of the study was to assess an impact of successful intervention through supply of safe drinking water, therapeutically supply of calcium, vitamin c and D3 and dietary modification. Onevillage namely Tilapani was purposely selected for the study on the basis of base line data collected in year 1995. Total 72 children and young adult from 32 households, who was having sing and symptoms of fluorosis was covered for the study. To see the difference between pre & post intervention Chi-square tests was applied. There is significant (p<0.05) reduction in genuvalgum 58% to 18.6% was observed after intervention .the bowing of lower limbs, which were seen in 1996, disappeared in 2003.There was complete reversal of bowing among mild cases was seen .there are very few data is available regarding reversibility of bony deformities .therefore this finding is very impartment and useful for any further intervention study regarding fluorosis mitigation. 

Key word:  fluorosis, fluoride, Nutrition, Intervention, Genuvalgum.

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Dr Tapas Chakma

Scientist ‘F’

Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribal’s (Indian Council of Medical Research)

Jabalpur (M.P.) India

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Abstract

Noonan syndrome is a common non-chromosomal syndrome associated with congenital heart disease. Noonan syndrome is associated with short stature, pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, webbing of neck, low set ears with moderate mental retardation. Here we are reporting a case of 16 yrs. old boy who presented to us with features of Noonan syndrome.

Key Words: Noonan syndrome, Pectus excavatum, High arched palate, Cubitus valgus, Karyotyping

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Ayush Agarwal

Junior Resident

P.G. Department of Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra

UP India

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Abstract

Background: The progressive increase in antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, particularly in developing countries, is an issue of special concern and it is believed that bacterial enteropathogens in AIDS patients may manifest differently from infections in immune competent hosts.  

Objectives: To investigate antibiotic profiles diarrheagenic E coli, Salmonella, Shigella associated with diarrhoea among HIV positive and negative children aged below five years and identify factors predisposing to antibiotic resistance.

Methods:  Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 105 E coli, 5 Salmonella and 6 Shigella isolates including 36 pathotypes of diarrheagenic E coli namely enteropathogenic (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), Enterohaemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) were evaluated against the antibiotics ampicillin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, cefipime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method.

Results:  Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella species in HIV negative cases were more susceptible to cefuroxime (74.6%, 20%, 40%), ceftazidime (89.6%, 60% 40%), cefepime (97%, 60%, 60%) and amikacin (46.3%, 60%, 80%) respectively compared to isolates from HIV positive cases. However, all isolates from HIV positive and negative cases exhibited resistance to ampicillin (44.7%, 100%) vs (49.2%, 40%, 60%) and cotrimoxazole (78.9%, 100%) vs (40.3%, 80%, 80%) respectively. Virulence genes including bundle forming pilus (bfp) in  EPEC, invasive plasmid adhesin (ipaH) in EIEC and aggregative attachment adhesin (aatA) in EAEC were significantly linked to resistance unlike shigatoxigenic factors (stx1, stx2)  in ETEC and EHEC (lt, est).

Conclusion: Significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility profiles exist between E coli, Salmonella and Shigella species. Virulence genes including EPEC (bfp), EIEC (ipaH) and EAEC (aatA) were associated with resistance whereas cytotoxic factors in ETEC and EHEC had no effect. The antibiotics cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cefipime and amikacin were effective in treatment of childhood diarrhoea and may be incorporated into treatment regimens in Kenya. History of drug use prior to admission may influence antibiotic susceptibility of enteric species. 

Key words:  Bacterial Enteropathogens; Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Antibiotic Profiles, HIV

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Rono Salinah J

Department of Biomedical Sciences,

Maseno University, P.O Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya

University of Kabianga

Department of Biological Sciences, P.O BOX 2030 -20200 Kericho, Kenya.

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Abstract

Advances in medical sciences and better living conditions have increased the life expectancy .Biological ageing is correlated with increased morbidity, mortality and poor health states. This together changing life styles and urbanization has brought a radical shift in the types of health problem being faced by populations in the developing world giving rise to an epidemic of chronic diseases. Life style means pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices that are related to elevated or reduced heath risk.

Life style diseases or diseases of civilization are diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer. They can include Heart disease, diabetic, Stroke, Alzheimers, Cirrhosis, Asthma, Hyper tension etc. These are caused to a large extent by dietary changes in relation to socio economic and living environmental conditions. The stress of modern living is causing enormous a burden on health care globally. Poor eating habits sleep deprivation and secondary life style has contributed to growth of life style diseases. Hyper tension is associated with the incidence of some diet related non-communicable diseases such as stroke and coronary heart diseases  .Life style diseases are different from other diseases because they are potentially preventable, and can be lowered with changes in diet, life style, and environment and by supplement with vitamin D.

According to WHO, world’s death from life style disease will double by 2015 unless all out effort is taken to combat them? Main causes /reasons of these life style diseases are Habits, Unhealthy lifestyles/Behaviors and Practices etc.

Yoga is re-union of mind and body to the God. Depending upon the way in which it is practicing it can be divided into several types like ”Khada yoga”, ”Dhyana yoga”, “Raja yoga”, ”Sidha yoga” etc. Normally Indians are practicing Khada yoga (hatha yoga).It is nothing but bending and stretching of the bodies. This is the only exercise which starts and ends with prayer to the God. Yoga practice imparting positive energy to us. It will give a energy throughout life.

Key words: Life style, diseases, yoga, aasanam, causes, cure, hyper tension etc

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Dr Sreekumar D Menon

MSc, MBA, PGDLL&AL, PGDMM, M Phil, PhD

BSNL,Pampady, Kottayam

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Abstract

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare genetic disorder of peripheral nervous system characterized by recurrent episode of unexplained fever, generalized anhidrosis, insensitivity to pain and temperature and self mutilating behavior. We are presenting a eight year old female with CIPA who have pus discharge and pathological fracture of anterior mandible .Sural nerve biopsy revealed  reduced number  of unmyelinated and small myelinated nerve fibres ,consistent with characteristic feature of CIPA.

Key Words: Pain insensitivity, Anhidrosis, ,Sural nerve

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Dr. Shahid Hassan

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar

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Abstract

Study Objective: Comparison of efficacy of Myofascial release and positional release therapy in tension type headache.

Degine: Comparative study.

Setting:All the subjects were included from various clinics, hospitals and community in dehradun.

Method: Total of 28 subjects was recruited for study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria after signing the informed consent form. Subjects were divided into two groups (A= MFR and B= PRT),

Outcome Measures: Visual analog scale (VAS), Headache disability index(HDI).

Result: Result of the study shows that although positional release therapy were significantly effective but MFR was found to be more effective than the PRT in reducing pain and disability in patient  with tension type headache.

Conclusion:The present study concluded that both the technique is effective in improving the pain and disability in subjects with TTH. The study highlights that myofascial release technique is better choice of treatment in improving pain and disability in subjects with sub occipital muscle trigger point in tension type headache.

Keywords: Myofascial release therapy (MFR), Positional release therapy (PRT), Tension type headache(TTH), Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Headache disability index (HDI).

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Dr. L.Rameshor Singh

Student Researcher DIBNS,

Dehradun India

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Abstract

Background: Quality of life is a global concept which is generally encompassing physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Health-related quality-of-life measurements have received an increasing recognition as an important means to measure the impact of interventions on physical, psychological and social wellbeing of subjects.

Objective: The Egyptian Quality Of Life Questionnaire for the Children with Cerebral Palsy was developed by the researchers to be used in Egypt to measure the effect of interventions on the quality of life in the children with cerebral palsy. This article gives an overview of the development of the questionnaire and describes its reliability and validity testing procedures.

Methods: The questionnaire was developed in local Egyptian Arabic dialect of Cairo to be understood by all Egyptian primary caregivers of different educational levels and in order to calculate the questionnaire validity and reliability it  was applied to 54 mothers of cerebral palsied children and reapplied after one week for 10 cases to measure test-retest reliability also it was applied for 10 cases and correlated to another Arabic questionnaire used to measure quality of life for diabetic children to test the questionnaire criterion-related validity.

Results: Research had shown that the Egyptian Quality Of Life Questionnaire for the Children with Cerebral Palsy is a reliable and valid assessment to measure quality of life of the cerebral palsied children.

Conclusions: The developed Egyptian Quality Of Life Questionnaire for the Children with Cerebral Palsy is a reliable and valid tool and can be used to measure the impact of interventions on the quality of life of the cerebral palsied children. 

Keywords-Cerebral Palsy, Quality of Life, Validity, Reliability

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Mai E. Abbass

Department of Physical Therapy for Growth and Developmental Disorders in children and Its Surgery

Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt

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Abstract

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of “SQUAT ADD” exercises in patellofemoral pain syndrome in terms of pain, strength and functional ability with and without biofeedback. Twenty five subjects were recruited for the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria after signing the informed consent form. They were randomly assigned to two groups with 13 subjects in Group A and 12 subjects in Group B. Subjects of both the group were first administered by Squat add exercise for 2 sets along with 3 repetition with 6 sec of cuff hold time in between 10 sec of rest in each repetition with and without biofeedback. Numeric pain scale was used to measure pain, kujala questionnaire was used to measure functional ability, and VMO strength was measured by SQUAT-ADD. The within group comparisons at the end of the trial showed significant improvement. The between-group comparisons at the end of the trial showed significant improvement in function only. The result of present study indicates that SQUAT ADD exercise improved the quality of life as well as strengthening of VMO leads to decrease pain in subjects with PFPS. The present study concluded that SQUAT ADD exercise showed reduction in pain, increase in functional ability and increase in muscle strength of subjects with PFPS. The benefit of biofeedback although remains unclear.

Key Words: Numeric pain scale, Kujala questionnaire, VMO Strength, Squat-add exercise, Patellofemoral pain syndrome

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Tabassum Ali

MPT (Muskuloskeletal), Physiotherapy Department

Dolphin P.G. Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Chakrata Road Sudhowala, Manduwala

Dehradun Uttarakhand , India

At/Ps- Pipili, Po- Siriapur, Dist- Puri Pin-752104, State-Odisha

India

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Abstract

The objectives of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the comparison of the effectiveness of myofascial release technique and deep transverse friction massage in subjects with chronic bicipital tendonitis.This case-control study evaluated 23 participants aged 18 to 60 years recruited for the study on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria after signing the informed consent form. The subjects were divided into two Groups MFR (Group A) & DTFM (Group B). Pain was used to measure NPS, ROM of shoulder joint was used to measure by goniometer and functional ability was used to measure DASH questionnaire. The result of the present study indicates that the within group analysis for NPS, ROM and DASH both the groups showed significant difference. Between group analysis for NPS, ROM and DASH showed no statistically difference. The present study concluded that both the techniques i.e, MFR and DTFM are equally effective in reducing pain, improving ROM and functional ability with chronic bicipital tendonitis.

Key Words: NPS, Goniometry, DASH

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Susheesmita Routroy

MPT (Muskuloskeletal), Physiotherapy Department

Dolphin P.G. Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Chakrata Road Sudhowala, Manduwala

Dehradun Uttarakhand , India

At/po- Laulai,,Ps- Nihalprasad

Via-Gondia Patna,Dist- Dhenkanal  Pin- 759016  Odisha, India

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Abstract

Introduction: Epiphrenic oesophageal diverticulum is one of the rare causes for dysphagia. Most of the patients remain asymptomatic only about one-third of diverticuli produces symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention or surgical intervention. 

Case Report: An elderly 72 years old female patient has came to ENT opd with a history of foreign body ingestion 10 days back following which patient developed dysphagia for both solids and liquids. Patient has been evaluated for dysphagia wherein it revealed an incidental finding of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum, but there is no any evidence of foreign body has been detected.

Conclusion: Our case report illustrates that epiphrenic diverticulum may be an underlying cause for dysphagia. Wherein  rigid  esophagoscopy  has  been  done  to  rule  out  the  foreign  body  but  it  has  left    with  an  incidental  finding  of  Esophageal epiphrenic  diverticulum  which  is  a  rare  cause  of  dysphagia.

Keywords: Dysphagia, Esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum, foreign body

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Dr. Renuka S Melkundi

MS, DLO

Assistant Professor

Department of ENT SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital

Dharwad 580009 Karnataka, INDIA

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Abstract

Retrograde Gastro jejunal intussusception is a rare complication, with an incidence of 0.1 % post op and less than 200 such cases have been reported worldwide.

We report a case of 40 year old male patient coming with acute intestinal obstruction with vomiting, hematemesis and epigastric lump. Urgent ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis was suggestive of jejunal intussusception. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen showed the ‘target sign’, with jejunal loops in stomach. As details of previous surgery done 15 years back were unavailable, exact cause of gastrojejunal intussusception was unknown till exploration when type 2 Gastro jejunal intussusception was detected. Patient had an uneventful recovery.

Key words: Retrograde intussusception, Jejunogastric intussusception, Complications of gastric surgery, Gastric intussusception, Strangulation,  Rare intussusceptions

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Dr. Vikram R. Wagh

Asst. Professor in General Surgery

Govt. Medical College Nagpur India

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Abstract

Background: A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. With the current challenges in funding, it appears essential for senior investigators to impart their grant proposal writing expertise to junior investigators.

Objective: To determine if the perceived gain in research proposal writing skills is more in those with lower baseline skill than in those with higher baseline skill.

Methods: A one day workshop on “How to Write a Research Grant Proposal” was organized in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).  A total of 55 participants participated in the workshop. We received 36 completed evaluation forms out of 55 participants. All the participants were newly joined faculties of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. At the end of the workshop, pre-tested evaluation forms were distributed among the workshop participants consisting of eight questions. Statistical analysis of perceived improvement of research proposal writing skills as per participant response using paired t-test between before and after the workshop.

Results: The study revealed that the workshop learning method produced a significant perceived gain of skills for writing a research proposal. Statistically significant improvement of writing research proposal skill was obtained as perceived by the participant. The results suggest that there is significant improvement in skills with lower baseline score (mean difference=-1.455, SD=0.596, p-value=0.045) but not in those with higher baseline score (mean difference= -0.786, SD= 0.579, p–value =0.19).

Conclusion: The participants whose writing research proposal writing skills was low at baseline score show more chance of perceived writing skills (after workshop) as compared to those whose baseline score was high.

Key words:  Research Proposal, Research Grant, Workshop, Evaluation, Writing Skills

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Dr. Amit Kumar

Scientist-B

Department of Neurology

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Telephone Number: +91-11-26594436

Fax: +91-11-26588663

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Abstract

Aim of the Study: To study the etiologic profiles of first onset seizures in patients aged more than 40 years of age. To analyze the age / sex distribution, presenting history, clinical findings and investigations at admission in the study group.

Material & Methods: The study was done in the setting of Rajah Muthiah medical college and hospital, Annamalai University. The study was observational in nature designed to analyze patients in age group more than 40 years of age and who presented with first onset seizures from September 2012 to September 2014. The sample size was 68.

Results: The mean age of study patients was 9.79 years 62% of study patients were male and 38% were female. The majority of patients (71%) had Generalized seizure.CVA was the major factor for occurrence of seizure (37%) and which is followed by Tumor (16%). Metabolic factor was responsible for 12% of seizure and each of 10% of onset of seizure was due to Unidentifiable cause and Alcohol withdrawal. Granuloma was responsible for 6% of seizure in the current for study and Encephalitis and Meningitis are responsible for occurance of seizures in 3% of patients. Subdural hemorrage accounts for another 3% of seizures.

Conclusion: In a patient with new onset seizures more than 40 years, all efforts to identify the etiology should be made. Given the age of patients with a seizure more than forty years does not exceedingly favor any specific etiology. Thorough search to rule out metabolic factors as cause seizures should be an early priority. CT brain and MRI are indispensable in patients more than 40 years with new onset seizures.

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Corresponding Author

Durga Hari Prasad D

Junior Resident

Department of General Medicine,

Rajah Muthiah Medical College & Hospital, Annamalai University

India

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Abstract

Introduction: Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy is a commonly performed minimally invasive procedure in respiratory practice. Diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy varies considerably depending on indications and techniques used during bronchoscopy. Diagnostic innovations which increase the yield like endobronchial ultra sound, auto fluorescence bronchoscopy and electromagnetic navigation are not available even at tertiary care centers in India.

Material & Methods: All 100 consecutive bronchoscopies performed in bronchoscopy suite of a tertiary care centre over a period of 1 year were evaluated in this study.

All adult patients with undiagnosed respiratory conditions, patients not responding to treatment and patients with suspicious radiological shadows requiring treatment were included in the study.

Results: 100 patients were studied. The mean age of the study population was 53.2 yrs (range 18 to 78 yrs). 70 % were males, 30 % were females. A total of 86 Bronchial washings & 14 Bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. 34 patients were subjected for bronchoscopic biopsies.

Diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy was 88.23 % and of endobronchial washing was found to be 64.70%. The yield of washings for no endobronchial demonstrable lesion was 66.66%.

Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of conventional bronchoscopy techniques is very high, technique is safe with  few and acceptable complications.

Key words: Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy, Bronchial washings, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Endobronchial biopsy

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Corresponding Author

Vishwanath Pujari

B.J Gov. Medical College and Sassoon Hospital, Pune

Flat No-3, Riddhi Siddhi Apartment, Opp Vidyaniketan Highschool,

Canara Bank Lane, Biebvewadi,

Pune 411 037 India

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Abstract

Canalicular adenoma is a rare benign tumor of the minor salivary glands that is the most prevalent in older adults (mean age, 60 years). The upper lip is the most commonly affected site, followed by the buccal mucosa and palate. It presents as a nodular lesion without a tendency for recurrence.Here, we describe a case of canalicular adenoma presenting as a nodular, painful mass in the left side of a 62-year-old  woman . Fine needle aspiration biopsy yielded inconclusive results but excluded malignancy. The lesion was enucleated, and a definitive diagnosis of canalicular adenoma was established by histologicaly. No signs of recurrence were noted at the 22-month follow-up examination.

Key words: Palate, Adenoma, Salivary gland neoplasm, Canalicular Adenoma

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Dr. Shahid Hassan

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar

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Abstract

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring female cancer in the world. It usually presents as a painless lump in the breast or axilla, change in the position or shape of the nipple or nipple inversion, skin puckering or dimpling, a rash on or around a nipple or discharge from nipple/s. Case of breast cancer presenting as malignant ascites is very rare which usually occurs in ovarian and GI malignancies. Very few cases of lobular carcinoma breast have been reported to present with gastrointestinal and peritoneal metastases. This incidence is even lower in ductal carcinoma breast and the prognosis is very unfavourable. Herein we report two patients who presented with malignant ascites and on investigation were found to have ductal carcinoma of breast as the primary. They were treated with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. First case died after two years.

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Corresponding Author

Sanghamitra Jena

DNB Trainee, Department of Surgical Oncology

Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute

MG Road, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, India – 700063

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Abstract

The research developments of EEG are reviewed in this paper. The major classes of investigations are classified into rehabilitation which includes (i) EEG diseases, (ii) Causes for EEG diseases, (iii) Symptoms for EEG diseases, (iv)  Examination and Testing of EEG, (v) Treatment for EEG diseases. In addition, to that the merits and demerits of the EEG were also reviewed. The statistical analysis brings out the information about importance of EEG and the facilities available in and around India to overcome the disabilities of EEG. This survey also reviewed about the basic bio signals and recent trends in EEG signal waveforms and artifacts which are explained in detail.

Keywords: EEG signal analysis, EEG classification, EEG synchronization, EEG diseases, Disease diagnosis

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Corresponding Author

Thomaslin Veron Atheena.J

PG Scholar, Dept of EEE (EST)

RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-624042,

Tamilnadu, India

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Corresponding Author

Dipak Thamke

Dept of Microbiology, MGIMS, Sevagram

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Abstract

The screening test for diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is done for all the pregnant women by Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) and if raised oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is done. In this study, single elevated 100gm OGTT value associated with  adverse effects on the neonate outcome  like  ,large for gestational & hyperbilirubinemia . we have studied 500  pregnant  women  with  50gm GCT and if the glucose level is high (140mg/dl) are considered as positive and OGTT were done with 100gm glucose. The result of our cohort study suggest that having a positive GCT is an independent risk factor for adverse neonatal outcome like large for gestational age 2.2% in normal GTT group in compared to 10.8% in impaired GTT group, and hyperbilirubinemia were significantly high in those patients .

Key Words: GTT, impaired OGTT, large for gestational age, hyperbilirubinemia

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Corresponding Author

Dr.Anupama Suresh Y

DGO,DNB

Associate Professor

Department of OBG,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore

A Unit of Manipal University

Flat no.203, Divya Enclave M.G.Road,Kodialbail Mangalore 575 003

Karnataka

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Abstract

This is an unusual case of  an  17 year  old unmarried girl who presented with complaints of amenorrhoea of 2 year duration. On per speculum examination cervix was replaced by an irregular friable growth 3 X 3 cm. A clinical diagnosis of carcinoma cervix was made but the cervical biopsy revealed multiple epitheloid cell granulomas and langerhan type giant cells with caseations suggestive of tuberculosis cervix. The patient was started on Category I Directly observed treatment , short course(DOTS) and she responded to 6 months of antitubercular therapy.

Key Words: Tuberculosis, Amenorrhoea, Epitheloid granuloma, Langerhans cells ,DOTS

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Corresponding Author

Dr. Reshmy J.R

Room No 111, Ladies hostel II, Resident,

Dept of Obs and Gynaec

MKCG Medical College Berhampur .Orissa, India.760004

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