Title: Frequency of Well Established Risk Factors in Indian Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Dr M. Prema M.S., Dr K.Karthik Raja, Dr R.Baskaran, Dr G.Baskaran
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i3.123
Abstract
Background: The past three decades have seen a rapid rise in the incidence of breast cancer. Well established risk factors of breast cancer like early age at menarche, late age at menopause, late age at first child birth, nulliparity, post menopausal obesity and lack of exercise, hormone replacement therapy, family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease have been derived from population based cohort studies conducted in western population. Our aim is to find out how frequent these well established risk factors are present in rural Indian patients with breast cancer
Materials & Methods: Data analysed were collected retrospectively from a study conducted in Raja Muthiah Medical College during the period April 2014 to December 2017. All newly detected and histologically confirmed cases of carcinoma breast were included in the study. Male breast cancer, sarcoma, secondaries to the breast were excluded. Demographic data, history on risk factors, clinical examination findings were recorded and analysed.
Results and Discussion: Out of 70 newly detected cases of carcinoma breast cancer, 28 were premenopausal, 42 were post menopausal. Average age at presentation was 48 years which is less compared to western population. Greater proportion of cases presented in the stage II & III (> 80 %). Early age at menarche defined as <12 years was present in 14% of cases. Average parity was 1.8, nulliparity was present in % of cases. Age at first child birth > 35 years was present in 3 % of cases, age at first child birth > 30 years was present in 12% of cases. Family history of breast cancer was present in 7 % of cases. Average BMI was 28.5. History of benign breast disease was present in 15 % of cases.
Conclusion: The frequency of well established risk factors is low as compared to western population. Additional population based studies on Indian population are needed to explain the rising incidence of breast cancer in India.
Keywords: breast cancer, risk factors, incidence.
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