Abstract
Recent hospital and cancer registry data shows increasing prostate cancer incidence in Nigeria, which was previously regarded as a low incidence region. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among men in Nigeria and second most common cancers of men worldwide and sexual history has been a consistent risk factor. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is still the single most important test for early detection of prostate cancer worldwide. However, not much is reported about prostate cancer in relation to urinary tract infections in Africa. This study investigates the prevalence of prostate cancer risk in and bacterial urinary tract infections among men in Abuja, Nigeria. One Hundred (100) samples each of blood and urine were collected, from fifty (50) male patients suffering from urinary tract infections and fifty (50) apparently healthy males attending Kuje General Hospital Abuja, Nigeria. All the blood samples were subjected to PSA analysis using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay procedure (Diagnostic Automation/ Cortez Diagnostics, Inc, USA) while urine analysis (microscopy, culture and biochemical identification) was performed on the urine to isolate and identify the common bacteria associated with urinary tract infections among the study population. Structured questionnaire seeking information on possible socio-demographic and risk factors as well as clinical manifestations was also issued. Results obtained from laboratory analysis and data generated from questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis. Our findings revealed a prevalence of 24.00% PSA and Escherichia coli (64.0%), Enterococcus spp.(29.41%), Klebsiella spp (18.82%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.12%)were the common bacteria implicated. A significantly higher level (P=0.02) of PSA level (34.00%) was observed among patients with UTI than in the apparently healthy group (14.00%). Further stratification by age shows that those in the age group of 60-69 years had the highest level of PSA (45.5%) while the least PSA level was observed in the age group of 30-39 years old (11.1%), and this difference is statistically significant (P=0.008). In conclusion, the proportion of men especially young men (30-39 years) with UTI and by extension elevated PSA level is on the increase and given that increased levels of PSA is an important risk factor for prostate cancer, we therefore, recommend early diagnosis and treatment of UTI to avoid complexity on the level of PSA and subsequent development of prostate cancer.
Keywords: Determination, Prostate Specific Antigen, Urinary Tract Infections, Male, KGH, Abuja, Risk factors, Jos.
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Corresponding Author
Ajang, A. Y
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v11i7.03
