Abstract
Introduction
Menstruation is the physiological uterine bleeding that occurs regularly for every reproductive age group of women, from menarche to menopause. It is shedding of the endometrium due to the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis role. Usually, menstruation lasts for 4-5 days with a heavier flow on the first two days. Menstrual discharge is usually a dark-colored viscous liquid that contains blood, mucus, vaginal epithelial cell, fragments of endometrium, a little bit of prostaglandin, and enzymes. All these make it a favorable environment for micro-organism growth. So, maintenance of hygiene during menstruation flow is essential. Poor menstrual hygiene leads to several reproductive tract and urinary tract infections. Candidiasis, fungal infections are most common, whereas it can also lead to Human Papilloma Virus infection which can cause cervical cancer. Studies have shown that not upholding hygiene makes women prone to all types of Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Studies have also revealed that improper menstrual hygiene predisposes women to some communicable diseases and it can also hamper daily life.1
References
- India Bhavik Rana, Arpit Prajapati, K. N. Sonaliya, VenuShah , Mansi Patel , Asha Solank, An Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Practices amongst Adolescent Females at Kheda District of Gujarat State,
- NiruShamsun Nahar1,2, Ratna Khatun1, KhondokerMahmudaAkter Halim2, Sharmin Islam1, Faisal Muhammad3, Assessment of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among the female nursing students in a selected private nursing college in Dhaka City, International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Nahar NS et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019 May;8(5):1847-1851 www.ijrcog.org pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
- Nirmalya Manna1 ,Dr. Arista Lahiri2 , Dr.Atanu Bhattacharjee3 , Siddhartha Bera4, Knowledge, Awareness and Practices on Menstrual Hygiene Management among Under-Graduate Nursing Students: Experience from a Cross-Sectional Study in West Bengal, India, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 1 Ver. 2 (January. 2019), PP 01-06 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1801020106 ww.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
- M. Joanna Rachel &Dr. Veena M Joseph ,A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice on Menstrual Hygiene Among Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India,, International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education, Volume 2, Issue 2, Page Number 53-57, 2017.
- Colin Sumpter* and Belen Torondel, Systematic Review of the Health and Social Effects of Menstrual Hygiene Management, PLoS One. 2013; 8(4): e62004.Published online 2013 Apr 26. doi: 1371/journal.pone.0062004PMCID: PMC3637379PMID: 23637945A
- Tanvi Nitin Deshpande,1Supriya Satish Patil,1 SupritiBalaram Gharai,1 R. Patil,2 and P. M. Durgawale, Menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls – A study from urban slum area1
- Belayneh, Z., Mekuriaw, B. Knowledge and menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent school girls in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health19, 1595 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7973-9
- Mahajan A, Kaushal K.a descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of Government School of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, CHRISMED JHealth Res [serial online] 2017 [cited 2021 Apr 3]; 4:99-103.
- Upashe, S.P., Tekelab, T. &Mekonnen, J. Assessment of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among high school girls in Western Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health15, 84 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-015-0245-7
- Acharya AS, Tiwari N, Rasania SK, Khandekar J, Bachani D. Assessment of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of East Delhi: A community-based cross-sectional research from an urban resettlement colony. Indian J Community Fam Med [serial online] 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 3];5:141-6. Available from: https://www.ijcfm.org/text.asp?2019/5/2/141/273528.
Corresponding Author
Samapti Pal
Ph D scholar, Himlayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh & Nursing Tutor State Nodal Center, IGIMS College of Nursing, Patna, Bihar
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v9i4.15
