Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors such as hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, truncal (central) obesity, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory conditions, which could increase the risk of cardiovascular illness, diabetes, and death.  Metsare closely associated with thyroid dysfunction (TD) due to the impact of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism, glucose, blood pressure, and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Aim of the Study: To study the prevalence and to find the types of thyroid dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and to find the association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome.

Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Patients with metabolic syndrome fulfilling IDF criteria have selected the study. A detailed history of medication and anthropometric measurements were noted in a semi-structured proforma. Blood pressure was recorded in the right upper limb in a sitting posture. After eight hours of fasting, blood was drawn for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and thyroid assay in a single sitting.

Results: In this study, thyroid dysfunction prevalence is 18.33% among metabolic syndrome patients. Subclinical Hypothyroidism is 15% prevalent in metabolic syndrome patients and Overt Hypothyroidism is 3.3% prevalent. There is no incidence of either overt or subclinical Hyperthyroidism in our study population. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and hypothyroidism in metabolic syndrome patients is higher than the prevalence in the normal population, which is 5.9% for thyroid dysfunction and 4.6% for hypothyroidism (0.3% overt and 4.3% subclinical hypothyroidism). The incidence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in women (25.8) than in men (8%) with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction occurs in 18.33% of metabolic syndrome patients. The prevalence of Subclinical hypothyroidism (15.0%) and Overt Hypothyroidism (3.33%) in metabolic syndrome patients is higher than that of the general population. One-sixth of metabolic syndrome patients or every sixth metabolic syndrome had Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is much more common in Females with thyroid dysfunction than males. Exclude the presence of Thyroid dysfunction while managing metabolic syndrome patients.

Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Body Mass Index, Free Thyroxine, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.