Abstract
This review study aims at discussing about themalnutrition status of under-five children associated with malaria in developing countries. Malaria is a preventable and treatable mosquito-borne disease, whose main victims are children under five years of age. This human parasitic disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It affects children below the age of 5 years and pregnant women more severely. The World Malaria Report 2012 summarizes data received from 104 malaria-endemic countries and territories for 2011. Ninety-nine of these countries had on-going malaria transmission. As per the World Malaria Report released on 4 December 2019, in 2018 WHO South-East Asia Region had an estimated 8 million cases and 11 600 malaria deaths –69% and 70% less as compared with 2010. This is the largest decline among all six WHO Regions.the relation between the different components of malnutrition: wasting, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies need further study so that their relation with malaria in under-five children is better understood. Such information could help in designing intervention programmes that promote the survival of children.
Keywords-Malnutrition, Under-Five Infants, Malaria, Developing Countries.
References
- The World Health Organization (WHO): Factsheet on the World Malaria Report 2012: access on: 20/05/2020 Available at: https://www.who.int/malaria/media/world_malaria_report_2012_facts/
- Hassen H Y, Ali J H: The association between chronic undernutrition and malaria among Ethiopian children aged 6 - 59 months: A facility-based case-control study: S Afr J Child Health 2016;10(1):63-67. DOI:10.7196/SAJCH. 2016.v10i1.1052
- Rice A.L, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black R.E: Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78: 1207–1221.
- Nubé M, Sonneveld BG. The geographical distribution of underweight children in Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2005; 83:764–70.
- Katona P, Katona-Apte J. The interaction between nutrition and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:1582–8.
- Maggini S, Wenzlaff S, Hornig D. Essential role of vitamin C and zinc in child immunity and health. J Int Med Res. 2010;38:386–414.
- Scrimshaw NS, SanGiovanni JP. Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66(Suppl):464–77.
- Keusch GT. The history of nutrition: malnutrition, infection and immunity. J Nutr. 2003;133(Suppl):336S–40S.
- Man WD et al. Nutritional status of children admitted to hospital with different diseases and its relationship to outcome in The Gambia, West Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1998, 3: 678–686.
- Faye O et al. [Malaria lethality in Dakar pediatric environment: study of risk factors.] Me´ decine Tropicale (Marseilles), 1998, 58: 361–364 (in French).
- Olumese PE et al. Protein energy malnutrition and cerebral malaria in Nigerian children. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1997, 43: 217–219.
- Randriamiharisoa FA et al. [Epidemiological data on children hospitalized with malaria from 1983 to 1992.] Archives de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, 1993, 60: 38–42 (in French).\
- Razanamparany MS et al. [The malaria epidemic in Antananarivo from 1983 to 1994 as seen through the Pediatric Service A in the Befelatanana General Hospital.] Sante´ , 1995, 5: 382–385 (in French).
- Renaudin P. [Evaluation of the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age in Moundou, Chad: correlations with morbidity and hospital mortality.] Me´ decine Tropicale (Marseilles), 1997, 57: 49–54.
- Sumbele et al.: Nutritional status of children in a malaria meso endemic area: cross sectional study on prevalence, intensity, predictors, influence on malaria parasitaemia and anaemia: BMC Public Health (2015) 15:1099, DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2462-2
- Mfonkeu J. B. P, Gouado I, Kuate H. F, Zambou O, Combes V, Grau E. R, Zollo P. H. A: Biochemical markers of nutritional status and childhood malaria severity in Cameroon: British Journal of Nutrition (2010), 104, 886–892, doi:10.1017/S0007114510001510
- Gone T, Lemango F, Eliso E, Yohannes S, Yohannes T: The association between malaria and malnutrition among under-five children in Shashogo District, Southern Ethiopia: a case-control study, Infectious Diseases of Poverty (2017) 6:9, DOI 10.1186/s40249-016-0221-y
- Sakwe N, Bigoga J, Ngondi J, Njeambosay B, Esemu L, Kouambeng C, Nyonglema P, Seumen C, Gouado I, Oben J: Relationship between malaria, anaemia, nutritional and socio-economic status amongst under-ten children, in the North Region of Cameroon: A cross-sectional assessment: PLOS ONE, June 21, 2019
- Hautvast JL, Tolboom JJ, Willems JL, Mwela CM, Monnens L. Consequences of infections for three month length increment in young children in rural Zambia. Acta Paediatr 2000;89:296–301.
- Lee G, Yori P, Olortegui MP, PanW, Caulfield L, Gilman RH, Sanders JW, Delgado HS, Kosek M. Comparative effects of vivax malaria, fever and diarrhea on child growth. Int J Epidemiol 2012;41:531–9.
- Rowland MG, Cole TJ, Whitehead RG. A quantitative study into the role of infection in determining nutritional status in Gambian village children. Br J Nutr 1977;37:441–50.
- Friedman JF, Kwena AM, Mirel LB, Kariuki SK, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Nahlen BL, Shi YP, ter Kuile FO. Malaria and nutritional status among pre-school children: results from cross-sectional surveys in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005;73: 698–704.
- Alexandre MA, Benzecry SG, Siqueira AM, Vitor-Silva S, Melo GC, Monteiro WM, Leite HP, Lacerda MV, Alecrim Md. The association between nutritional status and malaria in children from a rural community in the Amazonian region: a longitudinal study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015;9:1–15.
- Shankar AH. Nutritional modulation of malaria morbidity and mortality. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000, 182: S37–S53.
- Van den Broeck J, Eeckels R, Vuylsteke J. Influence of nutritional status on child mortality in rural Zaire. Lancet, 1993, 341: 1491–1495.
- Greenwood B. Malaria mortality and morbidity in Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1999, 77: 617–618.
Corresponding Author
Dr Irin Hossain
National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i6.17
