Abstract
Patterns of histological types of lung cancer have changed over time. In the United States, adenocarcinoma has become the most commonly diagnosed type of lung cancer. By contrast, in Europe squamous cell carcinoma remains the most predominant cell type. Since changes in histological type of lung cancers may be indicative of changes in causal factors, it is important to identify whether any changes in histological subtypes are real or artefactual. Present study is done to analyse the change in trends in incidence and histopathology patterns of lung carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala over a span of 10 years.
Aims and Objectives: Changes occurred in the frequency of lung carcinoma in Kerala over a period of 10 years from 2004 was observed. Histological pattern distribution according to demographic variables were analysed.
Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital during the period of 10 years from 2002. Comparison of cases of lung tumors diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Kottayam in India during the period of 3 years from January 2002 to December 2004 to January 2012 to December 2014 was done. Age and gender distribution changes in occurrence and histopathology patterns was studied using the registers and histopathology slides available in the department.
Statistical Analysis: Data was analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics used to evaluate the changes in the histological pattern
Results: Of the 50 malignant tumours studied in 2002, 50% were Squamous cell carcinoma, whereas it was 35.8 % in the 80 cases studied in 2012. 30% of the tumors were Adenocarcinoma in 2002-2004 and 30.9 % in 2012-2014. 90% cases were males and 10% females in both the study period. Highest percentage of squamous cell carcinoma (64%) was seen in the 51-70 year age group and 46.7% of adeno carcinoma was found in the age group of 61-70 in the year 2002-2004. Age distribution of squamous cell carcinoma was found highest in the 51-60 years (42.9%) and adenocarcinoma prevalence was found high (52%) in the 61-70 year age group in 2014.
Keywords: Changes, histopathology, lung cancer.
References
- Jain DK. National Cancer Registry Programme biennial report, 1988–89. New Delhi: NCRP Scientific Publication. 1992.
- Nandakumar A. Consolidated report of the population based cancer registries 1990-96, Supplement: Year-wise tabulation of incident cancers and rates by site and gender. In National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research 2001 (pp. 88-116). Co-ordinating unit, NCRP (ICMR) Bangalore.
- Mathew A, Vijayaprasad B. Cancer incidence and mortality in Trivandrum (1998–1999), population based cancer registry. Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum. 2002.
- Gangadharan P, Jayalekshmi O, Binu VS, Sreekumar MR. Cancer morbidity and mortality in Karunagappally, 1993–2001. Natural Background Radiation Cancer Registry. Trivandrum: Regional Cancer Center. 2004.
- Kavarana NM, Kamat MR, Kurkure AP, Yeole BB, Methar SK. Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in Greater Mumbai. Mumbai, India: Indian Cancer Society. 1999.
- Hammar SP. Common neoplasms. In Pulmonary pathology 1994 (pp. 1123-1278). Springer, New York, NY.
- Rao YN, Gupta S, Agarwal SP. National cancer control programme: current status and strategies. Fifty Years of Cancer Control In India. Dir Gen of Health Services, MOHFW, Government of India. 2002:41-7.
- Vincent RG, Pickren JW, Lane WW, Bross I, Takita H, Houten L, Gutierrez AC, Rzepka T. The changing histopathology of lung cancer. A review of 1682 cases. Cancer. 1977 Apr;39(4):1647-55.
- Harkness EF, Brewster DH, Kerr KM, Fergusson RJ, MacFarlane GJ. Changing trends in incidence of lung cancer by histologic type in Scotland. International journal of cancer. 2002 Nov 10;102(2):179-83.
- Dickman P, Hakulinen T, Luostarinen T, Pukkala E, Sankila R, Söderman B, Teppo L. Survival of cancer patients in Finland 1955-1994. Acta Oncologica. 1999 Jan 1;38(12):1-03.
- El‐Torky M, El‐Zeky F, Hall C. Significant changes in the distribution of histologic types of lung cancer a review of 4928 cases. Cancer. 1990 May 15;65(10):2361-7.
- Parkin DM, Sankaranarayanan R. Overview on small cell lung cancer in the world: industrialized countries, Third World, eastern Europe. Anticancer research. 1994;14(1B):277-82.
- Travis WD, Travis LB. devesa SS. Lung cancer. Cancer. 1995;75:191-202.
- Charloux A, Quoix E, Wolkove N, Small D, Pauli G, Kreisman H. The increasing incidence of lung adenocarcinoma: reality or artefact? A review of the epidemiology of lung adenocarcinoma. International journal of epidemiology. 1997 Feb 1;26(1):14-23.
- American Cancer Society. Cancer facts & figures. The Society; 2003.
- Eerola AK. Apoptosis and apoptosis regulating proteins and factors in small and large cell lung carcinoma. Oulun yliopisto; 1999.
- Devesa SS, Shaw GL, Blot WJ. Changing patterns of lung cancer incidence by histological type. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 1991 Nov 1;1(1):29-34.
- The Metrohealth System (2004).Pathology of Lung Cancer, Cancer Care Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Vincent RG, Pickren JW, Lane WW, Bross I, Takita H, Houten L, Gutierrez AC, Rzepka T. The changing histopathology of lung cancer. A review of 1682 cases. Cancer. 1977 Apr;39 (4):1647-55.
Corresponding Author
Subitha Kandamuthan
Associate Professor of Pathology, Government Medical College Thrissur, Kerala
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i4.39
