Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as pandemic health problem involving both developed as well as developing countries of the world, but still remains the most under diagnosed and under treated nutritional deficiency of the world. Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents may be asymptomatic or may present with vague manifestations including pain in weight bearing joints, difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and muscle cramps and can be easily misdiagnosed as Fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome or even simply depression in adolescents. The present study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the vitamin D status in adolescent population of this part of the country with abundant sunshine and with people having good economic condition. In this study, a total of 120 adolescents, including 45 boys and 75 girls were screened for their vitamin D (25OH – D) status from the month of May 2019 to December 2019. Out this 72 (60%) were having Vitamin D levels below 20 ngm/ml, 25 (20.8%) were having vitamin D level between 20-30 ngm/ml. Only 23(19.1%) had levels above 30 ngm/ml. This study has shown a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescence population of Jammu and it is suggested that all adolescent boys and girls who presentss with non specific musculoskeletal pains should be screened for vitamin D status.
References
- Kaur H, Bhatia AS. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. JMSCR April 2019; 07: 36-39
- Kaur H, Bhatia AS. High prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in school children: Awhistle blower. IJRMS 2019 May; 07(5) :1-3
- Kaur S, Kaur H, Bhatia AS. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among the urban elderly population in Jammu. JMSCR 2020 March; 08(3) :284-287
- Ritu G, Ajay Gupta. Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, Causalities and Interventions. Nutrients 2014; 6(2):729– 775.
- Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, et al. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention : a Quantitative meta analysis. 2007; 32:210-216.
- Grant WB, Garland CE. Vitamin D as a risk reduction factor for colorectal cancer. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67: 465
- Hollick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1678S-1688S.
- Martini LA, Wood RJ. Vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev. 2006; 64: 479-486.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Procedures for handling and processing of blood specimens; approved guidelines- third edition. NCCLS Document H18-A3; Wayne(PA); NCCLS,2004
- Prentice A, Vitamin D deficiency: A global perspective. Nutr Rev, 2008; 66(Suppl 2): S 153 – 64.
- Prentice A, Nutritional rickets around the world. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013; 136: 201-6
- Bassil D, Rahme M, Hoteit M, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa Prevalence, Risk factors and impact on outcomes. Dermato endocrinol. 2013; 5:274-98.
- Apama P, Muthathal S, Nonckynrih B, Gupta S K. Vitamin D deficiency in India. J Family Med Prim Care.2018; Mar-Apr, 7(2):324-330.
- Harinarayan CV, Akhila H. Modern India and the tale of twin Nutrient Deficiency- Calcium and Vitamin D –Nutrition Trend Data 50 years –retrospective, introspect and prospect. Front Endocrinol. 2019; Aug;10: 493
- Marwaha RK, Tondon N, Reddy DR, Aggarwal R, Singh R et al. Vitamin D and bone mineral density status of healthy school children in northern India. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82:477-82.
- Chowdhury R, Taneza S, Bhandari N, Sinha B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency predicts infections in young North Indian Children. A secondary Data analysis. PLOS One.2017;12 ;e170509.
- Puri S, Marwah RK, Agarwal N, Tondon N, Agarwal R, Grewal K e tal. Vitamin D status of apparently healthy school girls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi. Relation to nutrition and lifestyle. Br J Nutr. 2008; 99: 876-82.
- Angurana SK, Angurana RS, Mahajan G, Kumar N, Mahajan V. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in apparently healthy children in North India. J Pediatr Endocrinolo Metab. 2014; 27: 1151-6.
- Plotnikoff GA, Quigley JM. Prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with persistent, non specific musculoskeletal pain. Mayo Clin Proc.2003;78:1463-70
- Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency: What a pain it is. Mayo Clinc.Proc.2003; 78:1457-9
- Soliman A, De Sanctis V, Adel A, Awwa El, Bedair S. Clinical, biochemical and radiologic manifestations of severe vitamin D deficiency in adolescents versus children: Response to therapy. Georgia Med News. 2012 ; 210 :58-64.
Corresponding Author
Harleen Kaur
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Jammu, J &K, India
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i3.99
