Title: Rampant usage of antibiotics in animal bite cases in the era of antibiotic resistance: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Swetaleena Ashe, Tapas Ranjan Behera, Dharitri Mohapatra, Jyotirmayee Panda
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i1.58
Abstract
Background: Wounds inflicted by animal bites are often contaminated by various organisms. Antibiotic resistance is an alarming problem of the present era and judicious use of antibiotics is a must for its prevention. Hence this study was conducted to know the organisms harboring the wounds in animal bite cases and their drug sensitivity pattern.
Objectives: To study the socio-demographic and behavioral factors of patients with wounds caused by animal bites, to enumerate the organisms found in the wound, and to find their drug sensitivity pattern with special reference to age of cases and site of bite.
Methods: Data was collected using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire from cases of animal bites with deep/lacerated wounds attending the anti-rabies clinic (ARC) of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Central Odisha from March till September 2019.
Results: A total of 123 cases of animal bites were registered for the study of which 75 cases met the inclusion criteria. Majority (46.7%) of the cases were geriatrics. Staphylococcus (52%) was found in majority of the wounds followed by Pseudomonas (19.2%), Acinetobacter (16.2%) and Klebsiella (14.7%). Linezolid (80%), showed the maximum sensitivity followed by Cefepime (69.2%), Amoxycillin clavulanic acid (60%), Tobramycin (50%) and Cotrimoxazole (49%). Children <15 years were more sensitive to Cotrimoxazole than adults OR 3.7 (1.22- 11.51).
Conclusion: Staphylococcus was found to be the major organism harboring the wounds. Geriatrics were found to nearly three times highly sensitive to Linezolid and children were nearly four times more sensitive to Cotrimoxazole. Resistance was marked more among injectable drugs, hence judicious use of antibiotics is the key to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Drug resistance, Rabies, Odisha, Animal bite.
