Abstract

Background: Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening consequence of head injury. Noncontrast computed tomography(NCCT) is the investigation of choice for evaluation of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Objectives: To know the frequency, types, and patterns of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on NCCT Brain in a hospital-based population.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective and descriptive study for one year done at GEMS&H, a tertiary care hospital in Srikakulam district. All patients of head injury referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis for NCCT brain were recruited into the study, and patients with only intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated.

Results: Out of 341 patients with head injury, 107 (33.1%) patients had traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on NCCT scan. 99 out of 107 patients(92.5%) had extra-axial hemorrhage, and 83 out of 107 patients(77.57%) showed intra-axial hemorrhage. 75 patients (70.1%)were males. 42 patients(39%)  were from the age group of 30-45 years. Out of 107 patients, hemorrhagic contusion(HC) was seen in 81 patients(75.7%), subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in 60 out of 107 patients (56%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 33 patients (30.8%), extradural hemorrhage (EDH) in 21 patients(19.6%), intraventricular hemorrhage in 7 patients(6.54%) and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) in 5 patients (4.67%). 60 patients (56%) had calvarial fractures.

Conclusion: Hemorrhagic contusion & subdural hemorrhage were the most frequent types of intra-axial & extra-axial hemorrhage seen both independently and in combination. A careful search for co-existent subdural hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic contusion may be needed to prevent possible complications from expanding SDH.

Keywords: Hemorrhagic contusion, Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, Non-contrast computed tomography.