Abstract

Introduction: Our aim of the study is to evaluate the relationships between parameters of carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) and the future occurrence of microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus have increased carotid intima media thickness and they are higher risk for generalized atherosclerosis.The present study was carried out to study the correlation between carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) with the microvascular complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.¹Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is used commonly as a non-invasive test for the assessment of early occurrence of microvascular complications. The objective of this study was to find out the association of increased CIMT in patients with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes patients and to correlate CIMT with various parameters likeage,gender,HbA1c,BMI,smoking,alcohol and duration of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Present study was undertaken to assess the carotid intima media thickening in type 2 diabetes patients and also with microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy.²

Objective: To study the association of carotid artery intima media thickness(CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes patients  and also to find the association of increased CIMT in patients with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes and pre diabetes patients admitted in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital(SMVMCH).

Methodology: We conducted a cross sectional study among patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus as per WHO criteria. The criteria used for the diagnosis of diabetes was fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126mg/dl or a 2 hour postprandial/OGTT plasma glucose ≥ 200mg/dl or symptoms of hyperglycemia and random plasma glucose ≥200mg/dl. Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, secondary diabetes, chronic renal failure, congestive cardiac failure were excluded from the study.

Results:  Based on this study, totally 51 patients were studied and result shows that association between mean carotid intima media thickness (CIMT)with diabetic nephropathy shows that patient with  increased CIMT in macroalbuminuria groups is 80% and microalbuminuria is 53.5% but P value was not statistically significant. Then association of CIMT with diabetic neuropathy shows that CIMT increased in 78.6 % of mild neuropathic changes and 100% of severe neuropathic changes and it shows there was a statistically significant P value (P=<0.001) in this group. Finally association of CIMT with diabetic retinopathy shows that there was statistically significant P value ( P =<0.001).

Conclusion: From this study, result shows that association of mean carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is statistically significant with diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy changes but not statistically significant with diabetic nephropathy changes.

Keywords: carotid doppler, CIMT, diabetic mellitus, microvascular complications.