Title: Clinical patterns and Epidemiological characteristics of facial hyperpigmentation
Authors: Dr Kirti Deo, Dr Alisha, Dr Mahendra Singh Deora, Dr Pallavi Singh, Dr Bhavika Shah
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i11.78
Abstract
Background: Facial and neck pigmentations are the most cosmetically important. They are common in middle-aged women, and are related to endogenous (hormones) and exogenous factors (such as use of cosmetics and perfumes, and exposure to sun radiation). Several more or less well-defined clinical syndromes can be recognized, but many transitional forms defy classification. The majority of the world's population is brown-skinned, and an enormous amount of interest worldwide is focused on restoring hyperpigmented skin to its natural color by skin care specialists.
Methods: A Descriptive observational study is conducted among 323 patients of facial hyperpigmentation coming to outpatient Department of dermatology, venereology, leprosy of Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pune. Detailed history and clinical findings were recorded in standard proforma. Necessary investigations were carried out whenever required and data was subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: We found 14 diseases mainly contributing to the cases of facial hyperpigmentation. Melasma being the most common, other causes of facial pigmentation, include post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug induced pigmentation, topical steroid damaged face, Riehl’s melanosis, Perioral hyperpigmenttion, Periorbital hyperpimentation, ashy dermatosis and nevus of face.
Conclusion: Facial hypermelanosis is a clinical feature of a diverse group of disorders, the most common of which is melasma. It is important to have a comprehensive understanding and information on the clinico-epidemiological profile and etiological factors of various clinical entities of facial hyperpigmentation for better management of patients.
Keywords: Facial Hyperpigmentation, Melasma, Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Topical steroid damaged face, Drug induced hyperpigmentation.
