Abstract

Background: In recent years, there has been a marked change in life-style of south Asian countries caused by economic growth, affluence, urbanization and dietary westernization. Few studies on the prevalence of obesity and its complications in Indian population have been reported. However, there has been scarce literature on study of its prevalence in India with criteria suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) for Asians. Informations on such public Health issues.

Introduction: Obesity, refers to excess body fat, has become an important public health problem. Its prevalence continues to increased worldwide. As the prevalence of obesity increases the burden of its associated co-morbidities. Body fat distribution and its effect on mortality and morbidity is current research topic of interest. Obesity occurs in population groups throughout the world. In recent years there has been a marked changes in life-style of south Asian countries caused by economic growth, affluence, urbanization and dietary westernization. Few studies on the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes in the Indian population have been reported. However there has been scarce literature on the study of prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in over weight and obese in India with criteria suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) for Asians. However, there have been no adequate data regarding obesity and to know the incidence of major complications and comparing with incidence in non-obese patients, complications in India.

Aim Of The Study: 1.To study the cases of obesity in wards and out-patient of Annapoorna Medical College and Hospital, Salem, TamilNadu, India. 2.To study the prevalence and incidence of complications in selected cases of the obesity. 3.To know the incidences of major complications & minor complications among different types of obesity and non-obesity.

Material and Methods: About 200 randomly selected cases of obesity, obesity with complication and non-obese with major complications selected. Cases are analyzed as per the criteria given by WHO for Indian Standard. Data collected analyzed. Cases for study selected from out-patients and in-patients who are coming to hospital for treatment in AMC&H, Salem. It is a tertiary hospital situated in a Siragapadi, Salem Dt, TamilNadu, India. Data collected analyzed using statistical method.

Results: Out of 200 cases studied, 100 cases were obesity with gradings and selection were based on criteria from WHO and clinical history and physical findings of disease. According to sex, females 71,71.0% were more than males29,29%. Among 100 cases 54,54.0% were overweight,40,40%. patients were obese with complications.  patients had diabetes 6,6.0%  as major complication. 17,17.0%,complication hypertension, about4,4.0% both, 6,6.0%, 21,21.0% had other associated complications like cor-pulmonale, osteoarthrosis. ---53.53.0%patients had associated minor complication like Herina, intertrigo, Varicose vein, hypercholesteromia. According to religion Hindus were predominant, based on dietetic habit more among non vegetarians. Among 100 cases of non obese   Females 54,54.0%,Males-29,29.05%, According to age group the incidence of major complications Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension was 5^th to 6^th decade. Females were predominant, but males were predominant  when compared to obese  in non-obese. complications- 49,49.0%.were DM. 61,61.0%. were HT. In obese DM 23,23%. HT 36, 36%. DM+HT14,14%. Most of them were maturity onset obesity, all had history of weight gain in females after early menopause and after delivery and LSCS .Remaining with other major and minor complications. 11,11.0% were obese without complications. Among non –obese.49,49% were DM.61,61.0% were HT. Here HT was more than in obese and DM is also more than in Obese.

Conclusion: Present study concluded that the obesity leads to life threatening hazards like DM, HT, Heart diseases, Strokes and others. Complications if not controlled majority of patients with moderate to severe degree of obesity with long standing history are more prone to develop such complications if not controlled in early stages. Therefore prevention of obesity is most important. Various statergies to prevention of obesity are as follows 1.Education about dangers and problems of over eating and strong selection of food. 2.Physical exercise and activity need to be promised. 3.More of smaller meals than fewer larger meals of similar energy values may be effective. 4.Obese patient should be given help and counselling for the management of underlying mechanism and cause. Obesity is the malady of entire person. To treat it otherwise limits the usefulness of even the most vigorous programs. Along with nutritional both pscychological and behavioral science, technology, along with sound nutrition principles should be directed to prevent as well as control the complete problems of obesity.

Keywords: Obesity, non-obesity, BMI, WHR, Complications, Diabetes-mellitus, Hypertension, CAHD, OA, Hernia, Arthralgia, Varicose-vein, intertrigo, flat foot.