Abstract
Rabies is acute encephalitis caused by rabies virus. The World Health Organization estimates 60,000 human deaths annually from endemic canine rabies. This can be prevented through timely administration of post exposure prophylaxis to bite victims. Administration of Anti Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) along with anti rabies vaccine (ARV) immediately after a bite categorized as severe (grade III) will reduce the chances of rabies. ARV is not sufficient in severe cases as it takes seven days to begin providing protection. So, RIG is infiltrated into the wound for immediate short term protection in the meanwhile the rabies vaccines start to work. As dog bites are common in rural areas, RIG must be available in primary health centers to reduce the risk of rabies. Limited supply impedes the accessibility of lifesaving treatment especially in rabies endemic areas.
Keywords: Rabies, anti rabies vaccine, anti rabies immunoglobulin.
References
- Jackson AC, Wunner Wh. 2007. Rabies 2nd ed, San Diego Academic Press.
- WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: second report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 982..
- Global Elimination of rabies. The time is now. 2015.
- Rupprecht CE, Plokin SA. Rabies vaccines, In: vaccines, 2012; 6th ed, vol 2, Eds, Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, offit PA, Scotland: Elsevier, 646 – 668.
- WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. 2013; 2: 1-138.
- Rabies, Fact sheet 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshe ets/fs099/en/
- Kole, A.K., Roy, R., Kole, D.C. Human rabies in India: a problem needing more attention. Bull. World. Health. Organ, 2014; 92:230
- Sudharshan MK, Madhusudana SN, Mahendra BJ et al. Assessing the burden of human rabies in India: results of a national multicenter epidemiological survey. Int.J.Infect.Dis 2007; 11:29-35.
- WHO, Expert Consultation on Rabies Technical Report Series 982. 2012, Geneva: WHO.
- Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J. Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2013 May; 12(5):498-513.
- Wilde H. Failures of post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. Vaccine2007; 25:7605-7609
- Wilde H, Lumlertdacha B, Meslin FX, Ghai S, Hemachudha T. Worldwide rabies deaths prevention. A focus on the current inadequacies in postexposure prophylaxis of animal bite victims. Vaccine 2016; 4(34):187-9.
Corresponding Author
Dr Rajesh Dupaguntla
Dept. of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Ongole -523001, Andhra Pradesh, India
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i7.28
