Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate filariasis elimination activities in areas that have been carrying out mass treatment for five years. During July-November 2017, blood fingerprints of residents aged five years and above have been taken and examination of animal reservoirs.
Methods: The study was conducted in 2 provinces, namely Riau Province and Bangka Belitung. 2 regions were selected for each of the two districts that had finished malondialdehyde (MDA) treatment, then from each district two villages with the highest endemic were selected, so that the total area of research was eight villages. This research is part of a study of multicenter filariasis studies in 2017 in 23 endemic filariasis districts in Indonesia.
Result: The results of the study found that in Kuatan Singingi and Pelalawan Districts the Mf rate was <1%, in West Bangka and Belitung Districts the Mf rate was> 1% with the Brugia malayi species. The prevalence of intestinal worms in Kuantan Singingi Regency is 13.6%; Pelalawan 2.4%; West Bangka 5.3%; and Belitung 11.5%. Animals that have positive reservoirs of B.malayi are two cats, one dog, and one long-tailed monkey. Riau Province has not become an endemic area of filariasis (MF rate <1%), while in Province Bangka Belitung, the Mf rate is > 1%.
Conclusion: The risk of transmission in Kuansing Regency is low while in Pelalawan District, West Bangka and Belitung are still high.
Keyword: Riau, Bangka Belitung, lymphatic filariasis, reservoir, evaluation.
References
- Azari‐hamidian, S., Yaghoobi‐Ershadi, M.R., Javadian, E., Abai, M.R., Mobedi, I., Linton, Y.M. and Harbach, R.E., 2009. Distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Medical and veterinary entomology, 23(2), pp.111-121.
- Bockarie, M.J., Pedersen, E.M., White, G.B. and Michael, E., 2009. Role of vector control in the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Annual Review of Entomology, 54, pp.469-487.
- Damle, A.S., Iravane, J.A., Khaparkhuntikar, M.N., Maher, G.T. and Patil, R.V., 2014. Microfilaria in human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a case report. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 8(3), p.113.
- De Souza, D., Kelly-Hope, L., Lawson, B., Wilson, M. and Boakye, D., 2010. Environmental factors associated with the distribution of Anopheles gambiae ss in Ghana; an important vector of lymphatic filariasis and malaria. PloS one, 5(3), p.e9927.
- Erickson, S.M., Xi, Z., Mayhew, G.F., Ramirez, J.L., Aliota, M.T., Christensen, B.M. and Dimopoulos, G., 2009. Mosquito infection responses to developing filarial worms. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 3(10), p.e529.
- Kronefeld, M., Kampen, H., Sassnau, R. and Werner, D., 2014. Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany. Parasites & Vectors, 7(1), p.30.
- Kline, K., McCarthy, J.S., Pearson, M., Loukas, A. and Hotez, P.J., 2013. Neglected tropical diseases of Oceania: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. Plus neglected tropical diseases, 7(1), p.e1755.
- Nadyatara, K. and Nurdian, Y., 2017. Mosquito-Borne Dirofilariasis is Currently a Serious Public Health Concern Connected with Global Climate Changes.
- Otranto, D., Brianti, E., Gaglio, G., Dantas-Torres, F., Azzaro, S. and Giannetto, S., 2011. Human ocular infection with Dirofilaria repens (Railliet and Henry, 1911) in an area endemic for canine dirofilariasis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 84(6), pp.1002-1004.
- Ramaiah, K.D. and Ottesen, E.A., 2014. Progress and impact of 13 years of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis on reducing the burden of filarial disease. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 8(11), p.e3319.
- Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E. and Montoya-Alonso, J.A., 2012. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clinical microbiology reviews, 25(3), pp.507-544.
- Taylor, M.J., Hoerauf, A. and Bockarie, M., 2010. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. The Lancet, 376(9747), pp.1175-1185.
- World Health Organization, 2016. Strengthening the assessment of lymphatic filariasis transmission and documenting the achievement of elimination.
Corresponding Author
Santoso
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i4.145
