Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders of the brain, affecting about 50 million individuals worldwide, among them 90% patients are from developing countries. It is a universal disorder which affects all age groups. Genetic factors as well as infection in brain, stroke, tumour and high fever are some of the causes of epilepsy. Each year about 125,000 new epilepsy cases occur; of these, 30 % are younger than age 18 at the time of diagnosis. Prevalence of 3-11/1000 and incidence of 0.2-0.6/1000are observed in India. The hallmarks of seizure generation are hyperexcitability of neurons and hypersynchrony of neural networks. Mechanisms underlying the epilepsy are imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Depending on areas of the brain are involved, epileptic seizures may consist of loss of awareness with tremors, confusion, difficulty in responding; visual or other sensory symptoms are observed. Seizures are classified based on site of origin and symptoms. Benzodiazepines, barbiturates and ion channel modulators are used in the treatment of epilepsy. Treatment should usually be started with single antiepileptic drug. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and valproate are usually called first-line drugs. This review discusses epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, classification of epilepsy, symptoms, diagnosis and management of epilepsy.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Seizures, hyperexcitability, anti-epileptic drugs.
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Corresponding Author
Dr P. Kishore
Head, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Care College of Pharmacy, Oglapur (v), Damera (m), Warangal rural, 506006
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile: 7659875277
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i3.229
