Title: Flowcytometric Immunophenotyping Study of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at M.Y. Hospital Indore
Authors: Dr Sachin Sharma, Dr C.V. Kulkarni, Prof. Dr A. Panchonia, Dr Varsha Argal
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i12.184
Abstract
Background: ALL accounts for 12% of all leukemia (but 80% in children). Global incidence is about 3 per 100,000 population, in which 3 out of 4 cases occurring under 6 years age. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignant clonal expansion of immature T cells that accounts for 10% to 15% of childhood and 25% of adult ALL cases.
Objective: 1)To diagnose and subclassify acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the help of flowcytometry and 2) to find out age and sex related incidences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases. We emphasizes on the subclassification of ALL as timely and accurate diagnosis of hematologic malignancies is crucial for the appropriate clinical management because ALL responds more for the treatment and the particular subtypes i.e
B ALL and T ALL requires different therapies, so the subclassification is also important.
Material and Methods: A one year study was conducted in Pathology department of M.G.M. medical college Indore. Firstly the cases were evaluated with the help of routine peripheral smear and then the relevant cases were evaluated on flow cytometer. We have included 40 cases which were diagnosed as acute leukemia, undifferentiated cells or blasts on peripheral smear.
Results and Observations: We observed that majority of the cases they were under 20 year of age. On peripheral smear examination around 37 cases (92.5%) were categorized as acute leukemia. Among acute leukemia cases 34 cases (85%) are of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents most of ALL cases while T- ALL cases are very much rare i.e.33 cases (82.5%) are of B- ALL and 01(2.5%) case of T-ALL.
Conclusion: With the help of above thesis work we have observed that ALL is a most frequent childhood hematological neoplasm and the use of Flow cytometry is helpful in diagnosis and identification of ALL subtypes.
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, flowcytometry.
