Title: The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dave Mayur R, Raveesha A, Sangeetha T, Shaama G
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i12.82
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is major and most common non-communicable disease in worldwide, specially developing country like India. Diabetic retinopathy is main complication of DM. It is major cause of blindness worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency is increase in world because of more indoor work and less exposure to sunlight. Vit. D has Anti- oxidant and Anti- angiogenesis property, its deficiency increase the chances of early retinal changes in diabetes patients in the form of Non- proliferative DR, proliferative DR, glaucoma other complications. Given these associations, we sought to determine the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy.
Aims and Objectives
- To estimate the serum Vitamin D levels in Diabetes.
- Establish the association between the serum Vitamin D levels and Diabetic Retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: Total of 98 diabetic patients either attending OPD or admitted in Department of Medicine, R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research center, were assessed during September 2018 to November 2018. Patients were tested for HbA1c levels and serum Vitamin D and labeled insufficient for Vitamin D when serum levels were <30ng/ml. Patients also underwent detail Fundoscopic examination and were classified into No Background Diabetic Retinopathy(BDR), Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR) of mild, moderate, severe grade and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR).
Results: Total 98 diabetic patients were included in study all patients were Vit D insufficient. 39 patients of diabetes with Vit D insufficiency had No background diabetic retinopathy, 38 patients were in mild- moderate NPDR group. 15 patients were in severe NPDR and 6 patients had Proliferative DR. In patients with No BDR the mean Vit D levels were 27.91±3.01 ng/ml. In mild- moderate and PDR the Vit D levels were 20.80±6.75 and 15.52±0.92 ng/ml respectively. In severe NPDR the Vit D levels were in range of 12.05±2.41ng/ml for Proliferative DR the Vit D levels were in range of 11.17±.1.91 ng/ml.
Conclusion: This study suggests that diabetic subjects, especially those with NPDR and PDR, have lower Vitamin D levels than those without diabetes.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Retinopathy, Vitamin D.
