Abstract
Objectives: This study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia in pregnancy in rural area of Katihar, Bihar, India.
Methodology: Total 120 pregnant women in any trimester of pregnancy with irrespective Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) consumption and belonged from rural areas of Katihar, Bihar, were enrolled in this study. A detail history, complete examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all cases. A Laboratory estimation of haemoglobin was performed using Sahli’s (Acid haematin) method for haemoglobin estimation. Anaemia was classified as per the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading criteria.
Results: Data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-Office software.
Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy was commonly seen in age 20 to 30 years. Most of the cases had mild anaemia in rural area of district Katihar. Parity> 3, pregnancy interval 2-3, illiteracy, lower socioeconomic status was major predictors of anaemia in pregnancy. Hence, anemia continues to be a major public health problem in rural area. To reduce the prevalence, there is a need to public health education on reproductive health, improve the dietary level and strength health care seeking behavior of women. Strategic efforts are needed to broaden the coverage of iron and folic acid distribution and its consumption.
Keywords: Anaemia, Prevalence, Risk factors.
References
- R. E. Black, C. G. Victora, S. P.Walker et al., “Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middleincome countries,” The Lancet. 2013; 382(9890): 427–451.
- WHO. 2008. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993-2005:
- Y. Balarajan,U. Ramakrishnan, E. ¨ Ozaltin, A. H. Shankar, and S. V. Subramanian. Anaemia in low income and middle-income countriesThe Lancet. 2011; 378(9809): 2123–2135.
- WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, and World Bank. (2007). Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and World Bank,WHO, Geneva, Switzerland,.
- Susan T and Blackburn DO. Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology. A Clinical Perspective. Qualitative Health Research. 2007; 11(6): 780-794.
- Sullivan KM, Mei Z, Laurence Grummer-Strawn, Parvanta I. Haemoglobin adjust-ents to define anemia. Trop Med and Intern Health. 2008; 13(10): 1267–1271.
- WHO. 1989. Preventing and Controlling Iron Deficiency Anemia through Primary Health Care. WHO, Geneva.
- Central Statistical Agency. 2012. Preliminary report of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA.
- Dey S, Goswami S, Goswami M. Prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Meghalaya: a logistic regression analysis. Turk J Med Sci. 2010; 40: 783–9.
- Srinivasa Rao P, Srikanth S. Prevalence of anemia in the first trimester of pregnancy in rural population of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh. Sch J App Med Sci. 2013; 1: 570–4.
- Mulugeta Melku, Zelalem Addis, Meseret Alem, and Bamlaku Enawgaw, “Prevale-nce and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study,” Anemia, vol. 2014.
- Zehra T, Khan RA and, QadriF .Anemia in Pregnancy a Study at Karachi in a Tertiary. Care Centre. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2017; 1224-1233.
- Al-Mehaisen L, Khader Y, Al-Kuran O, Abu Issa F, &Amarin, Z. Maternal Anemia in Rural Jordan: Room for Improvement. Anemia, 2011, 381812. http://doi.org/10.1155/2011/381812 .
- World Health Organization, Iron defici-ency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control: a guide for programme managers, 2001.
- World Health Organization, Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005.
- Grace Stephen, Melina Mgongo, Tamara Hussein Hashim, Johnson Katanga, Babill Stray-Pedersen, and Sia Emmanueli Msuya. Anaemia in Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Northern Tanzania. Hindawi Anemia, Volume 2018.
- Kwabena Acheampong, Stella Appiah, Dorothy Baffour-Awuah, Yeboah Saka Arhin. Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of a Selected Hospital in Accra, Ghana. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research. January 2018; 8: 1.
- Taner CE,Ekin A, Solmaz U, Gezer C, Çetin B, Keleşoğlu M, Özeren M. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 2015;16(4): 231–236. http://doi.org/10.5152/jtgga.2015.15071.
- Al-Mehaisen L, Khader Y, Al-Kuran O, Abu Issa F, &Amarin, Z. Maternal Anemia in Rural Jordan: Room for Improvement. Anemia. 2011: 381812. http://doi.org/10.1155/2011/381812.
- Mishu Mangla, Deepak Singla. Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in rural India: a longitudinal observational study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. Oct 2016; 5(10):3500-3505.
- Ravishankar Suryanarayana, Anil Navale Santhuram, Muninarayana Chandrappa, Prathima Shivajirao, Sheela Shikaripur Rangappa. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural population of Kolar district. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2016; 5: 03.
- Lokare PO, Karanjekar VD, Gattani PL, Kulkarni AP. A study of prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Aurangabad city, India. Ann Nigerian Med. 2012; 6: 30–4.
- Khan MS, Srivastav A, Dixit AK. The study of anaemia and its related socio-demographic factors amongst pregnant women in rural community of Uttar Pradesh. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2014; 3(1):14–9.
Corresponding Author
Dr Mukesh Nandan
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
Contact: +91 9654284329, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i11.46
