Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the serum biomarkers of Endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemic were diagnosed using 7th Joint National Committee criteria. The cases were with primary Hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic patients without any other complication. Controls were healthy subjects without any complication. A total of 60 cases and 30 controls were included in the study.
Results: More than one third of patients of both cases (41.7%) and controls (43.3%) were above 60 years of age. More than half of patients of both cases (60%) and controls (56.7%) were males. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in age and gender between cases and controls showing comparability of the groups in terms of age and gender. A significant (p=0.0001) increased level of total cholesterol, LDL and triglrcerides was observed among cases compared to controls. However, significant (p=0.004) decreased level of HDL was found among cases than controls. Serum uric acid, creatinine, nitric oxide, hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly (p=0.0001) increased among the cases than controls.
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is an important component of primary hypertension as well as that of hypercholesterolemic state, the severity being determined by nitric oxide, hs-CRP, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels independently.
Keywords: Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemic, Endothelial dysfunction.
References
- Jalali MJ, Phadke MS. Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Health and Disease; Using Various Parameters. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2011; 26(4): 407–412.
- Brandes RP. Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. Hypertension. 2014; 64 (5).
- Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365(9455):217-23.
- Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J. Human Hypertension 2004;18:73-78.
- Anchala R, Kannuri NK, Pant H, Khan H, Franco OH, Angelantonio ED and Prabhakaran D. Hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014 Jun; 32(6): 1170–1177.
- Souza JR, Oliveira RT, Blotta MH, Coelho OR. Níveis séricos de interleucina-6 (IL-6), interleucina-18 (IL-18) e proteína-C reativa (PCR) na síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamen to do ST em pacientes com diabete tipo 2. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90:94-99.
- Steffel J, Luscher TF. Predicting the development of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2009;119:919-921.
- Tonet AC, Karnikowski M, Moraes CF, et al. Association between the -174 G/C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Brazilian older women. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008;41:47-53.
- Brunner H, Cockcroft JR, Deanfield J, Donald A, Ferrannini E, Halcox J, Kiowski W, Luscher TF, Mancia G, Natali A, Oliver JJ, Pessina AC, Rizzoni D, Rossi GP, Salvetti A, Spieker LE, Taddei S, Webb DJ: Endothelial function and dysfunction. Part II: Association with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. A statement by the Working Group on Endothelins and Endothelial Factors of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2005; 23: 233 –246,
- Khosla UM, Zharikov S, Finch JL, Nakagawa T, Roncal C, Mu W, Krotova K, Block ER, Prabhakar S, Johnson RJ: Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 1739 –1742.
- Li JM, Shah AM: Endothelial cell superoxide generation: Regulation and relevance for cardiovascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol287 : R1014 –R1030, 2004
- Mercuro G, Vitale C, Cerquetani E, Zoncu S, Deidda M, Fini M, Rosano GM: Effect of hyperuricemia upon endothelial function in patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol94 : 932 –935,
- Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ: Hypothesis: Fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol1 : 80 –86,
- Maxwell AJ, Bruinsma KA: Uric acid is closely linked to vascular nitric oxide activity. Evidence for mechanism of association with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol38 : 1850 –1858,
- Waring WS, Adwani SH, Breukels O, Webb DJ, Maxwell SR: Hyperuricaemia does not impair cardiovascular function in healthy adults. Heart90 : 155 –159, 2004
Corresponding Author
Dr Amit Kumar
Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, Dr RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i11.19
