Objective: The aim of present retrospective study was to evaluation the effectiveness of Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) in both benign and Malignant thyroid lesions and its correlation with histopathological findings.

Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients of different sex and age groups were included in the study. After detailed history, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations, FNAC was done under fully aseptic conditions. Aspirates were air dried fixed and stained in H and E staining. Cytological diagnosis was done according to orell guidelines.

Result: Out of 84 patients, 80 patients (45.21%) were female and 4 (4.81%) patients were man, mean age was 38.2 Years and ranging from 16-68 years of age. Out of 84 patients, 58(69.04%) patients had solitary nodule. In cytological diagnosis 66 Patients (78.58%) had non-neoplastic lesion, out of which 47.8% patients had nodular goiter, followed by cysts in 7.14% cases, hyperplastic goiter was seen in 3.57% of cases, Lymphocytic thyroiditis in 7.14% of cases, and no material was found in 10.71%  of cases. In 18 (21.42%) patients had neoplastic lesions, out of which 15.47% had follicular neoplasm, followed by 2.38% patients had Hurthle cell neoplasm, 1.19% patients had papillary carcinoma, 1.19% cases had Medullary carcinoma and 1.19% Patient were suffers from Metastatic carcinoma. Histopathological correlation was done in 19 cases, out of which 47.4% cases had nodular goiter, 10.5% had cystic lesions, thyroiditis in 5.25% cases, 21.05% cases had benign neoplasm and 15.79% cases had malignant neoplasm. Accuracy of FNAC was found to have 89.5%, sensitivity was 87.5% and specificity was 92.3%.

Conclusion: The technique has shown to provide with reliable, rapid and inexpensive methods of diagnosis. In most instances, no hospitalization or anesthesia was required for this procedure.

Keywords:  Thyroid lump, Benign, Malignant, Histopathology, FNAC.

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Dr Satyendu Sagar

Department of Microbiology, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, India