Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of several risk factors that includes dyslipidemia, obesity, increased blood pressure and hyperglycemia, proinflammatory state, prothrombiotic state. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic hyperglycemia which includes most common complications i.e. atherosclerosis, nerve damage, renal damage, retinopathy. Our aim is to evaluate Bilirubin and Uric acid in patients with MetS and DM controls. The study included 50 MetS patients, 50 diabetic patients and 50 Controls 5 ml of venous blood samples were collected from patients and controls. All the samples were collected overnight fasting of 12 hrs. Collected samples centrifuged under 2000 rpm for 20 min and after centrifugation of samples used for the determination of Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Uric acid. Blood glucose, Uric acid, Bilirubin significantly increased in diabetic patients comparing with Mets and Controls.
Keywords: Chronic hyperglycemia, Obesity, Atherosclerosis, Antioxidant acitivity.
References
- Rizzo NS. Associations between physical activity and metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Bioveten-skaper och näringslära/ Biosciences and Nutrition; 2008 Sep 1.
- Xu M, Zhong F, Bruno RS, Ballard KD, Zhang J, Zhu J. Comparative metabolomics elucidates postprandial metabolic modifications in plasma of obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. Journal of proteome research. 2018 Jul 5;17(8):2850-60.
- Sheehan JP, Ulchaker MM. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxford University Press; 2010 Aug 1.
- Heden TD. Resistance exercise timing and metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetics (Doctoral dissertation, [University of Missouri--Columbia]).
- Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM, D’agostino RB. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006 Aug 1;91(8):2906-12.
- Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. JAN 2008. Diabetes Care, Vol 31(1).
- Islam QT, Haque MA, Ali AS, Ekram AS, Hussain SM, Azad KA, Hossain A. Pattern of Metabolic Syndrome in Clinical Practice. Journal of Medicine. 2009 Jul 1;10(2):48-51.
- Rutter MK, Meigs JB, Sullivan LM, D’Agostino Sr RB, Wilson PW. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation. 2004 Jul 27;110(4):380-5.
- Grundy SM, Brewer Jr HB, Cleeman JI, Smith Jr SC, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004 Jan 27;109(3):433-8.
- Desrocher M, Rovet J. Neurocognitive correlates of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood. Child Neuropsychology. 2004 Jan 1;10(1):36-52.
- American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care. 2014 Jan 1;37(Supplement 1):S81-90.
- Gopinathan V, Miller NJ, Milner AD, Rice-Evans CA. Bilirubin and ascorbate antioxidant activity in neonatal plasma. FEBS letters. 1994 Aug 1;349(2):197-200.
- Sedlak TW, Saleh M, Higginson DS, Paul BD, Juluri KR, Snyder SH. Bilirubin and glutathione have complementary antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2009 Mar 31;106(13):5171-6.
- Ghuang CC, Shiesh Sc, Chi 2006. Serum total antioxidant capacity reflects severity of illness in patients with severe sepsis. Critical care;10(1) : Available from http:// CC forum.com/ content/10/1/1236.
- Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Uric acid: A new look at an old risk marker for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The urate redox shuttle. Nutrition & metabolism. 2004 Dec;1(1):10.
- Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Levy D: Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. 1999, 131 (1): 7-13.
- Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, Alfthan G, Lakka HM, Lakka TA, Salonen JT: Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2004, 164 (14): 1546-1551.
- Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonagh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1043-6.
- Oda E. A decrease in total bilirubin predicted hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in a health screening population. Atherosclerosis. 2014 Aug 1;235(2):334-8.
- Kawamoto R, Ninomiya D, Hasegawa Y, Kasai Y, Kusunoki T, Ohtsuka N, Kumagi T, Abe M. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis among elderly persons. PloS one. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e114281.
- Palmierivo,Grattagloano I purtincasa p,palasciano G. systemic oxidative alterations are associated with visceral adiposity and ciner steatosis in patients with metabolic syndrome J Nutr; 130(12):3022-6.
- Armutu F, Ataymen M, Atmaca H, Gurel A. 2008. oxidative stress Markess, C-realtive protein and heat shock protein 70 levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome.clin chem lab med :40(6):785-90.
- Armutu F, Ataymen M, Atmaca H, Gurel A. 2008. oxidative stress Markess, C-realtive protein and heat shock protein 70 levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome.clin chem lab med :40(6):785-90
- Vaithialingam, Mohana Lakshmi, Prabhakar Reddy. 2012. A Novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and a new approach of biological marker of oxidative stress and effective antioxidant power. International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries. 2 (1), 208-212.
- Armutu F, Ataymen M, Atmaca H, Gurel A. 2008. oxidative stress Markess, C-realtive protein and heat shock protein 70 levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome.clin chem lab med :40(6):785-90
- lhara H Hashizume N, Hasegansa T, yoshida M.2004. Antioxidant Capacities of ascorbic acid, Uricacid, aplha-tocopherol and bilirubin can be measured in the presence of another antioxidant serum. J Clin lab Anal; 18:45-49.
Corresponding Author
Dr Sai Ravi Kiran.B
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sri Lakshmi Naryana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry-605502, India
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile +91-7708873424
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i10.48
