Title: Study of urinary Albumin creatinine ratio in smoker and non-smoker diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Dr Pankaj Bhushan, MD (Biochemistry), Dr Usha Kumari, DGO; MD (Biochemistry)
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i8.35
Abstract
Introduction & Review of literature
Diabetes Mellitus is a group ofdisease causing metabolic hyperglycemia leads to macrovascular and microvascular complications causing significant morbidity and mortality among diabetic people. Etiologically, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by P-cell destruction caused by an autoimmune process, usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency where as Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and an insulin secretory defect of the B-cell.According to WHO-globally, the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise up to 300 million (prevalence rate 5.4%) by the year 2025. According to Joshi. SR (Diabetes care in India) diabetes mellitus has emerged as a major health problem in India. There are 66.8 million people with diabetes in India in 2015 and this number is predicted to rise up to 70 million by 2025. By that time every fifth diabetic person will be an Indian. Therefore, Joshi SR et al (2007) stated India – “Diabetic Capital of the world.”Diabetic Nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy are most common complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
