Abstract
Psychiatrists experience risks of violence in clinical settings or emergencies. Relationship between presentations at referral and diagnosis is seen where aggression was reported in various situations such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with Borderline IQ and OCD symptoms with obesity and violent episodes; peri-ictal (post cluster attack) aggression in a patient with past history of alcohol abuse; Cannabis dependence with acute psychosis and violence with past history of conduct disorder; Tubercular meningitis (TBM) with history of multi substance abuse and disruptive behavior. Co-morbidity of above situations with violence makes it a challenging situation for doctors, nursing staff, and relatives. Guidance for handling such emergency situations and minimizing episodes of aggression is further required.
Keywords: Violence, OCD, Cannabis.
References
- Rueve ME, Welton RS. Violence and Mental Illness. Psychiatry, 2008; 5: 34–48.
- Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, Buitelaar JK. The autistic spectrum: subgroup, boundries and treatment. Psychiatr Clin N Am, 2002; 25:811-36.
- Meier SM, Petersen L, Schendel DE, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and Autism spectrum disorder: longitudinal and offspring risk. PLoS one, 2015; 10: e0141703. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141703.eCollection2015.
- Langstrom N, Grann M, Ruchkin V, et al. Risk factors for violent offending in autism spectrum disorder: a national study of hospitalized individuals. J Interpers Violence, 2009; 24:1358-70.
- Lundstrom S, Forsman M, Larsson H, et al. Childhood neuro developmental disorders and violent criminality: a sibling control study. J Autism Dev Disord, 2014; 44:2707-16.
- Barneveld PS1, Pieterse J, de Sonneville L et.al. Overlap of autistic and schizotypal traits in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Schizophr Res. 2011; 126: 231-6.
- Wachtel LE, Shorter E. Autism plus psychosis: a 'one-two punch' risk for tragic violence? Med Hypotheses. 2013; 81:404-9.
- Khanna S, Rajkumar RP. Management of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.OCD, NIMHANS.
- Yudofsky S, William D, Gorman J. Propranolol in the treatment of rage and violent behavior in patients with chronic brain syndromes. Am J Psychiatry, 1981; 2:218-20.
- Jenkins SC, Maruta T. Theraputic use of proparanolol for intermittent explosive disorder. MyoClin Proc, 1987: 62: 204-14.
- Kanemoto K, Tadokoro Y, Oshima T. Psychotic illness in patients with epilepsy. Ther Adv Neurol Disord, 2012; 5: 321–334.
- Logsdail SJ, Toone BK. Post ictal psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1988; 152:246-52.
- Duncan JS, Shorvon SD, Fish DR. Psycological and psychiatric aspect of epilepsy. In: Clinical Epilepsy. First Indian edition. New Delhi: B I Churchill Livingstone.1996; 321-48.
- Miller NS, Brady KT. Addictive disorders. Psychiatr Clin N Am, 2004; 27: xi-xviii
- Hall W, Degenhardt L. Cannabis use and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder. World Psychiatry. 2008 Jun; 7: 68–71.
- Mariani JJ, Pavlicova M, Mamczur AK, et al. Open lebel pilot study of quetiapine treatment for Cannabis dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 2014, 40: 280-84.
- Lupica CR, Riegel AC, Hoffman AF. Marijuana and cannabinoid regulation of brain reward circuits. Br J Pharmacol. 2004; 143: 227–234.
- Eronen M, Angermeyer MC, Schulze B. The psychiatric epidemiology of violent behavior. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 1998; 33: S13-23.
- Rajsekhar V. Management of hydrocephalus in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Neurol India, 2009; 57:368-74.
- Bowers L, Stewart D, Papadopoulos C,et al. Inpatient violence and aggression: a literature review. Report from conflict and containment reduction research programme. Section of Mental Health Nursing Health Service and Population Research Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London.2011; 1-196.
Corresponding Author
Rabia Gill, MD
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Tel- 9914396430