Title: Histopathological pattern of diseases in Otorhinolaryngology Department of a recently established tertiary care hospital
Authors: R.S.Gaur, Chhavi gupta, S.R. Agrawal, Swati Chandel, Naveen Verma, Rajni Prajapati
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i1.111
Abstract
The histopathological diagnosis in various Otorhinolaryngological diseases range from benign- malignant- inflammatory. The benign and the inflammatory conditions are more common than malignant.
Aim
1) To describe pattern of histopathology in ENT & head and neck diseases according to age, gender & anatomical location.
2) To study the prevalence of inflammatory conditions in ENT and head & neck.
3) To study prevalence of benign & malignant lesions in both the gender & various age groups.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective research study conducted in Otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care centre over a period of 3 years from Jan 2014 to Jan 2017. It includes total of 122 patients, attending ENT OPD in whom any histopatological examination was done and data was analyzed on basis of histopathological diagnosis, age &sex.
Result: Out of total 122 patients over a period of 3 years. Maximum no. of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (29.5%) with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. Most common lesion observed is sinonasal mass 28.6%, followed by neck 16.2% & thyroid 8%. Most common non-neoplastic lesion in this region is rhinosporidiosis in 16.3% cases which was present in all age group but peak age of presentation was 2nd decade with male preponderance followed by inflammatory polyp seen in 10.6% cases present in 2nd and 5th decade, equally prevalent in males and females followed by tubercular lymphadenitis which was present in 4% cases, predominantly in females of 3rd & 4th decade.
Most common benign neoplastic lesion is epidermal cyst (13.1%) followed by mucocoele (7.3%), Colloid goiter (4%) and follicular adenoma (3.2%). Single case of inverted papilloma was reported in a female in 2nd decade. Malignancy was reported in 10.6% cases, squamous cell carcinoma was most common histopathological diagnosis 76.9% of all malignancy, peak age of presentation was 5th decade with male predominance. Single case of papillary carcinoma thyroid was reported in a 40 yr old male this is contradictory to benign lesions of thyroid which were reported in females only. Single case of poorly differentiated carcinoma of nose reported with nasal obstruction & discharge in a 63 yr old male. Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma was reported in a 65 yr old male.
Conclusion: Histopathological diagnosis in ENT & Head and neck Department range from benign- malignant-inflammatory diseases. Our institution is a recently established centre, with steadily increasing outpatient statistics. The study was conducted in the initial years of the institute and this may be a limiting factor in establishing the true histopathological pattern in Otorhinolaryngology diseases. In our opinion this study needs further evaluation.
Keywords: Histopathological examination, neoplastic condition & inflammatory disease.
