Title: Correlation of Bilirubin Levels in Patients with and Without Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Mopuru Penchala Varun, A K Badrinath
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.108
Abstract
Stroke is a clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal cerebral deficit, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than a vascular. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of normal heme catabolism is found that in acute phase of cerebrovascular because of its antioxidant property prevents the oxidation process leading to damage of brain. In this study we correlate the total Bilirubin levels in patients with cerebrovascular accident and age and sex matched controls.
Keywords: Bilirubin , Cerebro-vascular accident, Stroke.
References
- DOHI K, SATOH K, OHTAKI H, SHIODA S, MIYAKE Y, SHINDO M, ARUGA T. Elevated plasma levels of bilirubin in patients with neurotrauma reflect its pathophysiological role in free radical scavenging. In vivo. 2005 Sep 1;19(5):855-60.
- Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonough AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science. 1987 Feb 27;235:1043-7.
- Tomaro ML, del C Batlle AM. Bilirubin: its role in cytoprotection against oxidative stress. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2002 Mar 31;34(3):216-20.
- Brouard S, Otterbein LE, Anrather J, Tobiasch E, Bach FH, Choi AM, Soares MP. Carbon monoxide generated by heme oxygenase 1 suppresses endothelial cell apoptosis. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2000 Oct 2;192(7):1015-26.
- Barañano DE, Rao M, Ferris CD, Snyder SH. Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2002 Dec 10;99(25):16093-8.
- Stocker R, Perrella MA. Heme oxygenase-1. Circulation. 2006 Nov 14;114(20):2178-89.
- Stocker R. Antioxidant activities of bile pigments. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2004 Oct 1;6(5):841-9.
- CLARK JE, FORESTI R, GREEN CJ, MOTTERLINI R. Dynamics of haem oxygenase-1 expression and bilirubin production in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Biochemical Journal. 2000 Jun 15;348(3):615-9.
- Nakayama M, Takahashi K, Komaru T, Fukuchi M, Shioiri H, Sato KI, Kitamuro T, Shirato K, Yamaguchi T, Suematsu M, Shibahara S. Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 and bilirubin accumulation in foam cells of rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2001 Aug 1;21(8):1373-7.
- Wu TW, Wu J, Li RK, Mickle D, Carey D. Albumin-bound bilirubins protect human ventricular myocytes against oxyradical damage. Biochemistry and cell biology. 1991 Oct 1;69(10-11):683-8.
- Bakken AF, Thaler MM, Schmid R. Metabolic regulation of heme catabolism and bilirubin production. I. Hormonal control of hepatic heme oxygenase activity. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1972 Mar;51(3):530.
- Pineda S, Bang OY, Saver JL, Starkman S, Yun SW, Liebeskind DS, Kim D, Ali LK, Shah SH, Ovbiagele B. Association of serum bilirubin with ischemic stroke outcomes. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008 Jun 30;17(3):147-52.
- Dohi K, Mochizuki Y, Satoh K, Jimbo H, Hayashi M, Toyoda I, Ikeda Y, Abe T, Aruga T. Transient elevation of serum bilirubin (a heme oxygenase-1 metabolite) level in hemorrhagic stroke: bilirubin is a marker of oxidant stress. ACTA Neurochirurgica-Supplementum Then Supplement-Wien-. 2003 Jan 1;86:247-50.
- Doré S, Takahashi M, Ferris CD, Hester LD, Guastella D, Snyder SH. Bilirubin, formed by activation of heme oxygenase-2, protects neurons against oxidative stress injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2445-50.
- Perlstein TS, Pande RL, Creager MA, Weuve J, Beckman JA. Serum total bilirubin level, prevalent stroke, and stroke outcomes: NHANES 1999–2004. The American journal of medicine. 2008 Sep 30;121(9):781-8.
- Kawamura K, Ishikawa K, Wada Y, Kimura S, Matsumoto H, Kohro T, Itabe H, Kodama T, Maruyama Y. Bilirubin from heme oxygenase-1 attenuates vascular endothelial activation and dysfunction. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2005 Jan 1;25(1):155-60.
- True AL, Olive M, Boehm M, San H, Westrick RJ, Raghavachari N, Xu X, Lynn EG, Sack MN, Munson PJ, Gladwin MT. Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency accelerates formation of arterial thrombosis through oxidative damage to the endothelium, which is rescued by inhaled carbon monoxide. Circulation research. 2007 Oct 26;101(9):893-901.
- Durante W. Carbon monoxide and bile pigments: surprising mediators of vascular function. Vascular Medicine. 2002 Aug;7(3):195-202.
- Lindenblatt N, Bordel R, Schareck W, Menger MD, Vollmar B. Vascular heme oxygenase-1 induction suppresses microvascular thrombus formation in vivo. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2004 Mar 1;24(3):601-6.
- Xu T, Zhang J, Xu T, Liu W, Kong Y, Zhang Y. Association of serum bilirubin with stroke severity and clinical outcomes. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2013 Jan;40(1):80-4.
- Kang SJ, Lee C, Kruzliak P. Effects of serum bilirubin on atherosclerotic processes. Annals of medicine. 2014 May 1;46(3):138-47.
