Abstract
Background: Ocular dimensions are important in determining the refractive status of the eye.
Aim: To determine the reference values for ocular axial dimensions including anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) inemmetropic Nigerian Children.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study of Four hundred and ninety five (468) children from selected pre nursery, nursery and primary schools with normal visual acuity were recruited into the study. Lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth were measured using a B-mode CLEA Vue 550 PHILLIP ultrasound Machine 2013 model, with a 4-12 MHz Linear transducer.
Data were entered into personal computer and analyzed using the SPSS statistical package version 21.
Results: The 468 children consisted of two hundred and forty one boys (48.7%) and two hundred and fifty four girls (51.3%) with a ratio of 1: 1.02. Mean age for the study participants as a whole, 8.81±3.81years. The mean ACD, LT, and VCD were 03.61±0.43cm, 03.71±0.39cm, and 17.41±01.15cm in the RE and 03.68±0.42cm, 03.77±0.38cm, and 17.42±0.10 in the LE, respectively. The reference values for ACD, LT and VCD were 3.52 – 3.69mm, 3.62 – 3.85 mm, and 17.17 – 17.65mm, respectively. There was correlation between the right and left eyes in all the dimensions. Only lens thickness shows sex differences in both right and left eyes.
Conclusion: The reference ranges obtained in this study should be taken into consideration in determining ocular refractive status in children in our environment.
Keywords: Ocular Dimensions, Emetropic Children, Nigeria.
References
- Abhijit R, Maitreyee K, Dhruba M, Ramen SR, Chinmaya K. Variation of axial Ocular Dimensions with Age, Sex, Height, BMI- and Their Relation to Refractive Status. J ClinDiagn Res. 2015 Jan 9(1): AC01-AC04. doi: 10.7860/JCDR? 2015/10555.5445
- Sanjeewa W, Paul JF, Uranchimeg D, Lee PS, Devereux JG, Paul HA, et al. Ocular Biometry and Refraction in Mongolian Adults. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2004;45(3):776–79.
- Afsun S, Pedram H. Clinically relevant Biometry. CurrOpinOpthalmol. 2012 Jan;23(1):47-53.doi: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32834cd63e.
- Oslen T. Calculation of intraocular lens power: a review. Acta. OphthalmolScand 2007;85: 472-485.
- Jackv WY, Gordon SK, Tiffany TY, Doris WF, Victor TY, Can YF. The Anterior Chamber Depth and Retinal
- Nerve Fiber Layer thickness in Children. The scientific World Journal 2014; Article ID 538283,5 pages
- Marchini, A. Pagliarusco, A. Toscano, R. Tosi, C. Brunelli, and L. Bonomi, “Ultrasound biomicroscopic and conventional ultrasonographic study of ocular dimensions in primary angle-closure glaucoma,” Ophthalmology, 1998; vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 2091–2098.
- Bhardwaj V, Rajeshbhai GP. Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth-A study in Different Age Groups and Refractive Errors. J ClinDiagn Res. 2013 Oct; 7 (10); 2211-2212. doi: 7860/JCDR/2013/7015.3473
- Fledelius HC. Ophthalmic changes from age 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels of low birth weight I. Refraction ActaOphthalmol. 1980; 58: 889.
- Fledelius HC. Ophthalmic changes from age 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight III. Ultrasound oculometry and keratometry of anterior eye segment. Actaophthalmol 1982; 60:393
- Qin B, Tang M, Li Y, Zhang X, Chu R, Huang D. “Anterior segment dimensions in Asian and Caucasian eyes measured by optical coherence tomography,” Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 135–142, 2012
- García-Domene MC, Díez-Ajenjo MA, Gracia V, Felipe A, Artigas J. A simple description of age-related changes in crystalline lens thickness. Eur J Ophtha-lmol. 2011; 21 (5):597–603. [PubMed],
- Mutti DO, Zadnik K, Fusaro RE, Friedman NE, Sholtz RI, Adams AJ. Optical and structural development of the crystalline lens in childhood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39(1):120–133. [PubMed]).
- Li SM, Li SY, Kang MT, Zhou YH, Li H, Liu LR, Yang XY, Wang YP, Yang Z, Khan SY, Gopinah B, Mitchell P, Atchison DA, Wang N.Corneal Power, Anterior Segment Length and Lens Power in 14-year-old Chinese children : the Anyang Childhood Eye Study. Rep. 6, 20243; doi: 10.1038/srep20243
- Lee KE, Klein BEK, Klein R, Quandt Z, Wong TY. Age Stature and Education Associations with Ocular Dimensions in an Older White Population. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009; 127(1):88–93.)
- Yung-Feng S, Ting-Husuan C, Luke L.K. Lens Thickness Changes among school children in Taiwan. Invest Ophthalmol & Viscscie 2009;50:2637-2644
- Nover A, Grote W. On the determination of the length of the axis of the human eye with ultrasound in the living person. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp. Ophthalmol. 1965;168 (4):405–18.
- Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Mohammad Miraftab, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Mohammad
- Shariati, TaherehAbdolahinia, et al. The distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population of Shahroud, Iran. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012;12 :50.
- Ojaimi E, Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, Martin FJ, Kifley A, et al. Distribution of Ocular Biometric Parameters and Refra-ction in a Population-Based Study of Australian Children. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2005;46(8):2748–54.).
Corresponding Author
Dr (Mrs) A A Olatunji
Radiology Dept, Oouth. Sagamu, Ogun State Nigeria
Cellphone: +2348056715826, Email: ayodeji.olatunji @yahoo.com
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.39
